Amagqabantshintshi ngophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweshishini lokugcina amandla.
1. Intshayelelo kwiteknoloji yokugcina amandla.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla kukugcina amandla. Ibhekisela kubuchwepheshe obuguqula uhlobo olulodwa lwamandla lube yifom ezinzileyo kwaye lugcine. Emva koko bayikhulula ngendlela ethile xa kuyimfuneko. Imigaqo eyahlukeneyo yokugcina amandla iyahlulahlulwe yazintlobo ezi-3: oomatshini, i-electromagnetic, kunye ne-electrochemical. Uhlobo ngalunye lokugcina amandla lunoluhlu lwalo lwamandla, iimpawu, kunye nokusetyenziswa.
| Uhlobo lokugcina amandla | Amandla alinganisiweyo | Amandla alinganisiwe | Iimpawu | Izihlandlo zokufaka izicelo | |
| Oomatshini Ugcino lwamandla | 抽水 储能 | 100-2,000MW | 4-10h | Izinga elikhulu, itekhnoloji evuthiweyo; impendulo ecothayo, ifuna izibonelelo zejografi | Ukulawulwa komthwalo, ukulawulwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwenkqubo, ulawulo lozinzo lwegridi. |
| 压缩 空气储能 | IMW-300MW | 1-20h | Itekhnoloji enkulu, ekhulileyo; impendulo ecothayo, imfuno yobutyebi bejografi. | Ukucheba okuphezulu, ukugcinwa kwenkqubo, ulawulo lozinzo lwegridi | |
| 飞轮 储能 | kW-30MW | 15s-30 imiz | Amandla athile aphezulu, ixabiso eliphezulu, izinga eliphezulu lengxolo | Ulawulo oludlulayo/ oluguquguqukayo, ulawulo lwamaza, ulawulo lombane, i-UPS kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ebhetri. | |
| I-electromagnetic Ugcino lwamandla | 超导 储能 | kW-1MW | 2s-5min | Ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza, amandla athile aphezulu; ixabiso eliphezulu, ukugcinwa okunzima | Ulawulo oludlulayo/oluguquguqukayo, ulawulo lwamaza, ulawulo lomgangatho wamandla, i-UPS kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ebhetri |
| 超级 电容 | kW-1MW | 1-30s | Ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza, amandla athile aphezulu; ixabiso eliphezulu | Ulawulo lomgangatho wamandla, i-UPS kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ebhetri | |
| Electrochemical Ugcino lwamandla | 铅酸 电池 | kW-50MW | 1min-3 h | Itekhnoloji evuthiweyo, ixabiso eliphantsi; ubomi obufutshane, iinkxalabo zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo | I-backup yesikhululo samandla, isiqalo esimnyama, i-UPS, ibhalansi yamandla |
| 液流 电池 | kW-100MW | 1-20h | Imijikelo emininzi yebhetri ibandakanya ukutshaja okunzulu kunye nokukhupha. Zilula ukudibanisa, kodwa zibe namandla aphantsi | Ibandakanya umgangatho wamandla. Ikwabandakanya amandla elilalela. Ikwabandakanya ukucheba okuphezulu kunye nokuzaliswa kwentlambo. Ikwabandakanya ulawulo lwamandla kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo. | |
| 钠硫 电池 | 1kW-100MW | Iiyure | Amandla athile aphezulu, ixabiso eliphezulu, imiba yokhuseleko lokusebenza ifuna ukuphuculwa. | Umgangatho wamandla ngumbono omnye. Unikezelo lwamandla olugciniweyo lolunye. Emva koko, kukho ukucheba okuphezulu kunye nokuzaliswa kwentlambo. Ulawulo lwamandla yenye. Ekugqibeleni, kukho ugcino lwamandla ahlaziyekayo. | |
| 锂离子 电池 | kW-100MW | Iiyure | Amandla athile aphezulu, iindleko ziyancipha njengoko ixabiso leebhetri ze-lithium-ion liyancipha | Ulawulo oludlulayo/ oluguquguqukayo, ulawulo lwamaza, ulawulo lombane, i-UPS kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ebhetri. | |
Ineengenelo. Oku kubandakanya impembelelo encinci evela kwijografi. Bakwanalo nexesha elifutshane lokwakha kunye nokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, ukugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical kungasetyenziswa ngokuguquguqukayo. Isebenza kwiimeko ezininzi zokugcina amandla. Bubuchwephesha bokugcina amandla. Inoluhlu olubanzi kakhulu losetyenziso kunye nelona linamandla ophuhliso. Ezona ziphambili ziibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Zisetyenziswa kwiimeko ukusuka kwimizuzu ukuya kwiiyure.
2. Iimeko zesicelo sokugcina amandla
Ukugcinwa kwamandla kunobutyebi beemeko zesicelo kwinkqubo yamandla. Ugcino lwamandla lunosetyenziso olu-3 oluphambili: ukuveliswa kwamandla, igridi, kunye nabasebenzisi. Bazi:
Ukuveliswa kwamandla amatsha kwahlukile kwiintlobo zemveli. Ichatshazelwa ziimeko zendalo. Ezi ziquka ukukhanya kunye nobushushu. Imveliso yamandla iyahluka ngokwexesha kunye nosuku. Ukulungelelanisa amandla kwimfuno akunakwenzeka. Ngumthombo wamandla ongazinzanga. Xa umthamo ofakiweyo okanye umlinganiselo wokuvelisa amandla ufikelela kwinqanaba elithile. Iya kuchaphazela uzinzo lwegridi yamandla. Ukugcina inkqubo yamandla ikhuselekile kwaye izinzile, inkqubo entsha yamandla iya kusebenzisa iimveliso zokugcina amandla. Baya kuphinda baqhagamshele kwigridi ukuze bagudise ukuphuma kwamandla. Oku kuya kunciphisa impembelelo yamandla amatsha. Oku kubandakanya i-photovoltaic kunye namandla omoya. Ziyahamba kwaye ziguquguquka. Iza kujongana neengxaki zokusetyenziswa kwamandla, njengomoya kunye nokulahla ukukhanya.
Uyilo lwegridi yemveli kunye nolwakhiwo lulandela eyona ndlela iphezulu yomthwalo. Benza njalo kwicala legridi. Yiyo imeko xa usakha igridi entsha okanye ukongeza umthamo. Isixhobo kufuneka siqwalasele umthwalo omkhulu. Oku kuya kukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwempahla ephantsi. Ukunyuka kwegridi-icala lokugcina amandla kunokwaphula eyona ndlela yomthwalo omkhulu. Xa usenza igridi entsha okanye ukwandisa endala, inokunciphisa ukuxinana kwegridi. Ikwakhuthaza ukwandisa nokuphucula izixhobo. Oku konga iindleko zotyalo-mali kwigridi kwaye kuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwee-asethi. Ugcino lwamandla lusebenzisa izikhongozeli njengezona zithwala ziphambili. Isetyenziswa ekuveliseni umbane nakumacala egridi. Ubukhulu becala yeyosetyenziso olunamandla angaphezu kwama-30kW. Bafuna umthamo ophezulu wemveliso.
Iinkqubo zamandla amatsha kwicala labasebenzisi zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuvelisa nokugcina amandla. Oku kunciphisa iindleko zombane kwaye isebenzisa ugcino lwamandla ukuzinzisa umbane. Ngexesha elifanayo, abasebenzisi banokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ukugcina umbane xa amaxabiso ephantsi. Oku kubavumela ukuba banciphise ukusebenzisa kwabo umbane wegridi xa amaxabiso exhomile. Basenokuthengisa umbane kwinkqubo yokugcina ukwenza imali kwixabiso eliphezulu kunye nentlambo. Ukugcinwa kwamandla ecala lomsebenzisi kusebenzisa iikhabhathi njengeyona nto ithwalayo. Ifanelana nezicelo kwiipaki zoshishino kunye nezorhwebo kunye nezikhululo zamandla ezisasazwayo ze-photovoltaic. Ezi zikuluhlu lwamandla oluyi-1kW ukuya kwi-10kW. Umthamo wemveliso uphantsi.
3. Inkqubo ye-"source-grid-load-storage" yimeko yesicelo eyandisiweyo yokugcina amandla.
Inkqubo ye-"source-grid-load-storage" yimowudi yokusebenza. Ibandakanya isisombululo "somthombo wamandla, igridi yamandla, umthwalo, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla". Inokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokhuseleko lwegridi. Inokulungisa iingxaki ezifana nokuguquguquka kwegridi ekusebenziseni amandla acocekileyo. Kule nkqubo, umthombo ngumboneleli wamandla. Iquka amandla ahlaziyekayo, anjengelanga, umoya, kunye nombane owenziwe ngamanzi. Ikwaquka amandla emveli, njengamalahle, ioli, negesi yendalo. Igridi yinethiwekhi yothumelo lwamandla. Ibandakanya iintambo zothumelo kunye nezixhobo zenkqubo yamandla. Umthwalo ngumsebenzisi wokugqibela wamandla. Ibandakanya abahlali, amashishini, kunye nezibonelelo zoluntu. Ugcino yiteknoloji yokugcina amandla. Ibandakanya izixhobo zokugcina kunye neteknoloji.
Kwinkqubo yamandla endala, izityalo zamandla ashushu zingumthombo wamandla. Amakhaya kunye nemizi-mveliso ngumthwalo. Zombini ziqelelene. Igridi yamandla ibadibanisa. Isebenzisa imowudi enkulu, edibeneyo yokulawula. Yindlela yexesha langempela lokulinganisa apho umthombo wamandla ulandela umthwalo.
Ngaphantsi kwe "neue Leistungssystem", inkqubo yongeza imfuno yokutshaja yezithuthi zamandla amatsha "njengomthwalo" kubasebenzisi. Oku kuye kwanyusa kakhulu uxinzelelo kwigridi yamandla. Iindlela ezintsha zamandla, njenge-photovoltaics, zivumele abasebenzisi ukuba babe "ngumthombo wamandla." Kwakhona, iimoto zamandla amatsha zifuna ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye, ukuveliswa kwamandla amatsha azinzanga. Ke, abasebenzisi badinga "ukugcinwa kwamandla" ukugudisa impembelelo yokuvelisa amandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwigridi. Oku kuya kwenza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nogcino lwamandla.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha kuyahlukahlukana. Abasebenzisi ngoku bafuna ukwakha ii-microgrids zasekhaya. Ezi zidibanisa "imithombo yamandla" (ukukhanya), "ukugcinwa kwamandla" (ukugcinwa), kunye "nemithwalo" (ukutshaja). Basebenzisa ulawulo kunye neteknoloji yonxibelelwano ukulawula imithombo yamandla amaninzi. Bavumela abasebenzisi ukuba bavelise kwaye basebenzise amandla amatsha ekuhlaleni. Bakwaqhagamshela kwigridi yamandla amakhulu ngeendlela ezimbini. Oku kunciphisa impembelelo yabo kwigridi kwaye inceda ukulinganisela. I-microgrid encinci kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla "yi-photovoltaic yokugcina kunye nenkqubo yokutshaja". Idityanisiwe. Esi sisicelo esibalulekileyo "sokugcinwa komthwalo wegridi yemvelaphi".
二. Izicelo ezilindelekileyo kunye nomthamo wemarike wogcino lwamandla
Ingxelo ye-CNESA ithi ekupheleni kwe-2023, umthamo opheleleyo wokusebenza kweeprojekthi zokugcina amandla ngu-289.20GW. Oku kunyuka kwi-21.92% ukusuka kwi-237.20GW ekupheleni kwe-2022. Umthamo opheleleyo ofakiweyo wokugcinwa kwamandla amatsha ufike kwi-91.33GW. Oku kukunyuka kwama-99.62% kunonyaka ophelileyo.
Ekupheleni kwe-2023, umthamo opheleleyo weeprojekthi zokugcina amandla e-China ufikelele kwi-86.50GW. Kwakuyi-44.65% ukusuka kwi-59.80GW ekupheleni kwe-2022. Ngoku benza i-29.91% yamandla ehlabathi, i-4.70% ukususela ekupheleni kwe-2022. Phakathi kwabo, ukugcinwa kwempompo kunomthamo omkhulu. Ibalelwa kuma-59.40%. Ukukhula kwemarike kuvela ikakhulu kugcino lwamandla amatsha. Oku kubandakanya iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, iibhetri ze-lead-acid, kunye nomoya ocinezelweyo. Banomthamo opheleleyo we-34.51GW. Oku kunyuke nge-163.93% kunonyaka ophelileyo. Ngo-2023, ukugcinwa kwamandla amatsha e-China kuya kwanda nge-21.44GW, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-191.77%. Ukugcinwa kwamandla amatsha kubandakanya iibhetri ze-lithium-ion kunye nomoya ocinezelweyo. Zombini zinamakhulu eeprojekthi eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi, ezikumgangatho wemegawathi.
Ukujonga kwisicwangciso kunye nokwakhiwa kweeprojekthi zogcino lwamandla amatsha, indawo yokugcina amandla yaseTshayina iye yaba nkulu. Ngo-2022, kukho iiprojekthi ezili-1,799. Zicetyiwe, zisakhiwa, okanye ziyasebenza. Banomthamo opheleleyo malunga ne-104.50GW. Uninzi lweeprojekthi ezintsha zokugcina amandla ezisetyenziswayo zincinci kwaye ziphakathi. Umlinganiselo wabo ungaphantsi kwe-10MW. Benza malunga ne-61.98% yetotali. Iiprojekthi zogcino lwamandla kucwangciso naphantsi kolwakhiwo ubukhulu becala zikhulu. Ziyi-10MW nangaphezulu. Benza i-75.73% yetotali. Zingaphezu kwama-402 100 iiprojekthi ezisebenzayo. Banesiseko kunye neemeko zokugcina amandla kwigridi yamandla.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-22-2024