I. Intshayelelo
Ukuqhubela phambili kwehlabathi ukuya kwiinjongo "zekhabhoni ezimbini"-ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kunye nencopho yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni-kukhawulezise utshintsho lwamandla, amandla avuselelekayo athatha indawo esembindini. Phakathi kweendlela ezintsha, imodeli ethi "Photovoltaic + Highway" ivelele njengesisombululo esithembisayo sokuthutha okuluhlaza. Ngokubeka izithuba ezingasebenziyo ecaleni koohola bendlela, njengophahla lweendawo zenkonzo, iikhenopi zeendawo zokurhafisa, amathambeka, kunye neendawo ezisecaleni kwetonela, iinkqubo zephotovoltaic (PV) ziguqula le mimandla ibe “yimithambo yamandla.” Olu fakelo aluvelisi amandla acocekileyo kuphela kodwa lukwalungelelanisa nophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo oluzinzileyo. Noko ke, iimeko ezikhethekileyo zoohola bendlela—ukungcangcazela, imozulu embi nokuxinana kweenqwelo-mafutha—zizisa ucelomngeni oluntsonkothileyo lokhuseleko olufuna ingqalelo engxamisekileyo. Eli nqaku lihlola indlela iintambo ze-photovoltaic eziphambili ezinokujongana nale mingeni, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweenkqubo ze-PV zendlela.
II. Imingeni yoKhuseleko oluPhambili kwiiNkqubo zePV zeNdlela
Ufakelo lohola wendlela wePV lujongene nemingcipheko ekhethekileyo ngenxa yendawo abasebenza kuyo, kunye nemiceli mngeni emithathu yokhuseleko ebalaseleyo:
Ingozi yoMlilo ye-DC High-Voltge
Ngaphezulu kwe-50% yomlilo onxulumene ne-photovoltaic ibangelwa yi-arcs yangoku (DC) yangoku, ngokweenkcukacha zoshishino. Kwiimeko zohola wendlela, umngcipheko uyanda. Iingozi zendlela, ezifana nokungqubana kunye neemodyuli ze-PV kwimithambeka okanye kwiindawo ezizimeleyo, zingonakalisa amacandelo, ukuveza i-electrodes kunye nokubangela ii-arcs zombane. Ezi arcs, zihlala zidlula amawaka eedigri, zinokutshisa izinto ezijikelezileyo, ezikhokelela ekusasazeni komlilo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba kufutshane nezithuthi ezihambayo kunye nezityalo ezisecaleni kwendlela ezinokutsha kwandisa amandla okuba neziphumo eziyintlekele.
Uthintelo lwempendulo kaNgxamiseko
Iinkqubo zePV zesiNtu zihlala zingenazo iindlela zokuvala ngokukhawuleza kwiisekethe ze-DC ezinombane ophezulu. Kwimeko yomlilo, amacandelo ombane aphilayo abeka ingozi enkulu yombane kubacimi-mlilo, ukulibazisa amaxesha okuphendula. Koohola bendlela, apho ukungenelela kwangethuba kubalulekile ukunqanda ukuphazamiseka kwezithuthi kunye neengozi zesibini, oku kulibaziseka kunokukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu kwimpahla, ukuveliswa kombane, kunye nobomi babantu.
Ukufunyanwa Kweziphoso kunye nobunzima bokuLondoloza
Uluhlu lwePV lohola wendlela luhlala luthatha iikhilomitha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukufumanisa iimpazamo kube ngumceli mngeni wolungiselelo. Ukuchonga indawo echanekileyo ye-arc yombane okanye umgca onqanyuliweyo kufuna ukuhlolwa okubanzi kwezandla, okuchitha ixesha kunye neendleko. Oku kulibaziseka kukhokelela kwilahleko yokwenziwa kombane ixesha elide kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza, kujongela phantsi ukusebenza koqoqosho lweeprojekthi zePV zohola wendlela.
III. Indima yeeCables Photovoltaic ekuphuculeni uKhuseleko
Iintambo ze-Photovoltaic ziyi-backbone ye-PV iinkqubo, kwaye ukuyila kunye nokusebenza kwazo kubalulekile ekunciphiseni iingozi ezichazwe ngasentla. Izisombululo zentambo ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu zinokuphucula kakhulu ukhuseleko lofakelo lohola wendlela wePV ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:
UYilo lweCable ePhezulu yoThintelo loMlilo
Iintambo zala maxesha zePV zenziwe ngezinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nedangatye, ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu ukuze zimelane neemeko ezinzima zohola wendlela. Ukugquma okongeziweyo kuthintela ukwakheka kwe-arc naphantsi koxinzelelo lomatshini, olufana nokungcangcazela okuvela kwitrafikhi enzima okanye iimpembelelo zobutyobo. Ukongeza, uyilo lwentambo olungagungqiyo luqinisekisa ukomelela ngokuchasene nokungqubana ngengozi, ukunciphisa ukubakho kwee-electrode eziveziweyo kunye nemililo elandelayo.
Ukudityaniswa neeNkqubo zokuValwa ngokukhawuleza
Ukujongana nemingeni yokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, iintambo ze-PV ezihlakaniphile zinokudibanisa kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuvala ngokukhawuleza. Ezi ntambo zibandakanya i-sensor ezifakelweyo ezibeka esweni iiparamitha zombane ngexesha langempela, zivumela ukuqhawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo kweesekethe ze-DC ngexesha leempazamo okanye likaxakeka. Esi sikhundla siphelisa umngcipheko ophezulu wombane, ukuvumela abacimi bomlilo ukuba bangenelele ngokukhuselekileyo nangokukhawuleza. Ukuhambelana nezixhobo zokuvalwa ngokukhawuleza kweshishini kwandisa ngakumbi ukuthembeka kwenkqubo.
Ukufunyanwa kwempazamo kunye nobuChwephesha beLocalization
Iintambo ezikrelekrele zePV ezixhotyiswe nge-Intanethi yeZinto (IoT) amandla anokuguqula ukubonwa kwempazamo. Ezi ntambo zibandakanya abenzi boluvo ababona izinto ezingaqhelekanga, ezinje nge-arcs okanye ukuhla kwamandla ombane, kunye nokuhambisa idatha kwiinkqubo zokubeka esweni ezisembindini. Ngokukhomba iindawo ezineempazamo ngokuchaneka okuphezulu, ziphelisa imfuneko yokuhlolwa okubanzi kwezandla. Oku kunciphisa iindleko zokulondolozwa, ukunciphisa ixesha lokunciphisa, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuveliswa kwamandla okungaguqukiyo.
IV. Izisombululo zobuGcisa kunye neziSebenzayo
Ukuphakamisa ngokupheleleyo iintambo zePV zokhuseleko, izisombululo ezininzi zobugcisa kunye nezisebenzayo zibalulekile:
Izinto ezintsha ezintsha
Iintambo zePV zohola wendlela kufuneka zinyamezele iimeko ezinzima, kubandakanywa ukuvezwa kweultraviolet (UV), ukuguquguquka kobushushu, kunye noxinzelelo lomzimba. Iikheyibhile ezineepholima ezizinzileyo kunye neengubo ezinganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion zifanelekile kwezi ndawo. Uyilo oluchasene nokungcangcazela luqhubela phambili ukomeleza ubomi obude, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iintambo zihlala zilungile nangona kukho ukungcangcazela okuthe gqolo kohola wendlela.
Ukudityaniswa kweNkqubo
Ukudibanisa iintambo ze-PV kunye nobuchwepheshe begridi ehlakaniphile ivumela ulawulo lokhuseleko lwexesha langempela. Ngokomzekelo, ukudibanisa i-cable sensors kunye neenkqubo zokubeka iliso zeziseko zohola wendlela zenza inethiwekhi edibeneyo efumanisa kwaye iphendule kwimiba ngokukhawuleza. Le synergy iphucula ukuthembeka kwenkqubo ngokubanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ukubekwa emgangathweni kunye nokuThobela
Ukwamkela imigangatho yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe, njengaleyo isekwe yi-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), iqinisekisa ukuba iintambo ze-PV zihlangabezana nokhuseleko olungqongqo kunye neendlela zokusebenza. Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo kunye nesiqinisekiso phantsi koxinzelelo oluthile lomgwaqo-olufana nokungcangcazela, impembelelo, kunye nokuvezwa kwemozulu-ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide.
V. Izifundo zeMyelelo kunye neZenzo eziGqwesileyo
Iiprojekthi ezininzi zePV zohola wendlela kwihlabathi jikelele zibonelela ngezifundo ezibalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, iprojekthi yokulinga eNetherlands yafakela iipaneli zePV ecaleni kwemiqobo yesandi sendlela, kusetyenziswa iintambo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo ezinezivamvo ezihlanganisiweyo. Iprojekthi ichaze ukuncitshiswa kwe-30% kwiindleko zokulondolozwa ngenxa yokufumanisa iimpazamo ezizenzekelayo. Ngokwahlukileyo, isiganeko se-2023 e-China sibonise umngcipheko weentambo eziphantsi, apho umlilo obangelwa i-arc kwindlela ye-PV yendlela enkulu yakhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu. Ezona ndlela zilungileyo zibandakanya ukukhetha iintambo eziqinisekisiweyo, ukwenza uhlolo rhoqo, kunye nokudibanisa iinkqubo zokuvala ngokukhawuleza ukomeleza ukhuseleko.
VI. Izalathiso zexesha elizayo
Ikamva lokhuseleko lohola we-PV lilele kubuchwephesha obusakhulayo kunye nezisombululo ezinobunzima. I-Artificial Intelligence (AI)-eqhutywa ukugcinwa kwangaphambili kunokuhlalutya idatha yokusebenza kwentambo ukuqikelela iimpazamo ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Iinkqubo zeentambo ze-PV zemodyuli, eziyilelwe ukufakela lula kunye nokutshintshwa, ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa noyilo lweendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, izikhokelo zomgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka zikhuthaze ukwamkelwa kweentambo eziphezulu kunye nobuchwepheshe bokhuseleko, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiprojekthi ze-PV zendlela ehamba phambili zihambelana zombini iinjongo zokhuseleko kunye nozinzo.
VII. Ukuqukumbela
Iinkqubo ze-PV zohola wendlela zimele ithuba lenguquko lokudibanisa amandla ahlaziyekayo kwiziseko zothutho. Nangona kunjalo, imingeni yabo ekhethekileyo yokhuseleko-ingozi yomlilo ye-DC, imingcele yokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, kunye nobunzima bokubona impazamo-ifuna izisombululo ezintsha. Iintambo ze-photovoltaic eziphezulu, ezineempawu ezifana nezixhobo zokunqanda amadangatye, ukudibanisa ngokukhawuleza ukuvala, kunye nokufumanisa i-IoT-enabled fault monitoring, zibalulekile ekwakheni isakhelo esomeleleyo sokhuseleko. Ngokubeka phambili ezi teknoloji, abachaphazelekayo banokuqinisekisa ukuba iiprojekthi zePV zendlela zikhuselekile kwaye zizinzileyo, zivula indlela yekamva eliluhlaza kwezothutho. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo, iinjineli, kunye neenkokheli zeshishini kubalulekile ukuqhuba ukusungula izinto ezintsha kunye nokuphelisa imingeni engaphambili.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-20-2025