Isishwankathelo sophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweshishini lokugcina amandla.
1. Intshayelelo kwitekhnoloji yokugcina amandla.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla kukugcinwa kwamandla. Ibhekisa kubuchwepheshe obuguqula uhlobo lwamandla kwifom elizinzileyo ngakumbi kwaye bagcine. Emva koko bayikhulula ngohlobo oluthile xa kufuneka. Imigaqo yoGcisa eyahlukeneyo yamandla yahlulahlula kwiindidi ezi-3: Umatshini, i-elektromagnetic, kunye ne-electrochemical. Uhlobo ngalunye lokugcina amandla lunenqanaba lamandla lawo, iimpawu kunye nokusebenzisa.
| Uhlobo lokugcina amandla | Amandla aMandla | Amandla aMandla | Iimpawu | Izihlandlo zesicelo | |
| Umatshini Ukugcinwa kwamandla | 抽水 储能 | I-100-2,000 | 4-10h | Ubungakanani obukhulu, itekhnoloji yoqoqosho; Impendulo ecothayo, ifuna ubutyebi bendawo | Ummiselo womthwalo, ulawulo lwe-frequency kunye nokugcinwa kwenkqubo, ulawulo lwezizinzo oluzinzileyo lwegridi. |
| 压缩 空气储能 | I-IMW-300MW | 1-20h | Itekhnoloji enkulu, eqolileyo; Impendulo ecothayo, ifuna izixhobo zendawo. | I-Peak Shakes, i-backup yenkqubo, ulawulo lwezizinzo oluzinzileyo lwegridi | |
| 飞轮 储能 | kw-30mw | I-15s-30 imiz | Amandla aphezulu, iindleko eziphezulu, inqanaba eliphezulu lengxolo | Ulawulo lwexeshana / olunamandla, ulawulo lwe-frequency, ulawulo lwe-voltage, i-ups kunye nezandla zamandla ebhetri. | |
| Electromagnetic Ukugcinwa kwamandla | 超导 储能 | kw-1mw | I-2s-5min | Impendulo ekhawulezileyo, amandla aphezulu; Ixabiso eliphezulu, ulondolozo olunzima | Ulawulo lwexeshana / oluguqukayo, ulawulo lwe-frequency, ulawulo lomgangatho wamandla, uPhezulu kunye nokugcinwa kwebhetri |
| 超级 电容 | kw-1mw | I-1-30s | Impendulo ekhawulezileyo, amandla aphezulu; Iindleko eziphezulu | Ukulawulwa komgangatho wamandla, uPost kunye nokugcinwa kwebhetri | |
| Electrochemical Ukugcinwa kwamandla | 铅酸 电池 | kw-50mw | 1min-3 h | Itekhnoloji yeqonga, indleko eziphantsi; Ixesha elifutshane lobomi, iinkxalabo zokhuseleko lwendalo | Isikhululo soMbane, ukuqala komnyama, i-UPS, ibhalansi yamandla |
| 液流 电池 | kw-100mw | 1-20h | Imijikelezo emininzi yebhetri ibandakanya ukutshaja okunzulu kunye nokukhupha. Kulula ukudibanisa, kodwa banoxinano lwamandla aphantsi | Igubungela umgangatho wamandla. Ikwabandakanya amandla okugcina. Ikwagubungela i-peak yokucheba kunye ne-valler. Ikwabandakanya nolawulo lwamandla kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo. | |
| 钠硫 电池 | I-1kw-100mw | Iiyure | Amandla aphezulu, iindleko eziphezulu, imiba yokhuseleko yokhuseleko ifuna ukuphuculwa. | Umgangatho wamandla ngumbono omnye. Uncedo lwamandla okugcina i-backup yenye. Ke, kukho i-peak yokucheba kunye ne-vall. Ulawulo lwamandla yenye. Okokugqibela, kukho indawo yokuhlala ehlaziyiweyo. | |
| 锂离子 电池 | kw-100mw | Iiyure | Amandla aphezulu, iindleko ziyancipha njengoko iindleko ze-lithium-ion ihla | Ulawulo lwexeshana / olunamandla, ulawulo lwe-frequency, ulawulo lwe-voltage, i-ups kunye nezandla zamandla ebhetri. | |
Ineengenelo. Oku kubandakanya ifuthe elincinci kwiJografi. Bakwanalo nexesha elifutshane lokwakha kunye noxinzelelo lwamandla aphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, ukugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical kunokusetyenziswa ngokuguquguqukayo. Isebenza kwiimeko ezininzi zokugcina amandla. Itekhnoloji yokugcina amandla. Inomgangatho obanzi wokusetyenziswa kwaye olona ncedo lukhuni. Eyona nto iphambili ziibhetrium ze-lithium-ion. Zisetyenziswa kwimeko ukusuka kwimizuzu ukuya kwiiyure.
I-2. I-Stornios yokuGcina amandla
Ukugcina amandla kunobutyebi beemeko zesicelo kwinkqubo yamandla. Ukugcinwa kwamandla kusetyenziswa okuthile oku-3: ukuvelisa amandla, igridi kunye nabasebenzisi. Bazi:
Isizukulwana esitsha samandla amandla sahlukile kwiindidi zemveli. Ichaphazeleka ziimeko zendalo. Oku kubandakanya ukukhanya kunye nobushushu. Imveliso yamandla iyahluka ngokwexesha nemini. Ukuhlengahlengisa amandla kwimfuno akunakwenzeka. Ngumthombo wamandla ongazinzanga. Xa umthamo ofakiweyo okanye umda wokuvelisa amandla ufikelela kwinqanaba elithile. Iya kuchaphazela uzinzo lwegridi yamandla. Ukugcina inkqubo yamandla ikhuselekile kwaye izinzile, inkqubo entsha yamandla iya kusebenzisa iimveliso zokugcina amandla. Baya kuhambelana negridi yokuthoba imveliso yamandla. Oku kuya kunciphisa ifuthe lamandla amatsha amandla. Oku kubandakanya iifotovoltaic kunye namandla omoya. Bangaphezulu kwaye baguqukele. Iya kulungisa iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kwamandla, njengomoya kunye nokushiywa kukukhanya.
Uyilo lwegridi yemveli kwaye ukwakhiwa kulandela indlela ephezulu. Benza njalo kwi-grid cala. Yiyo imeko xa wakhe i-grid entsha okanye ukongeza umthamo. Izixhobo kufuneka ziqwalasele owona mthwalo uphezulu. Oku kuyakukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeasethi ezisezantsi. Ukunyuka kokugcinwa kwamandla e-grid-icala lokugcina amandla kunokwaphula indlela yomthwalo. Xa usenza igridi entsha okanye eyandisa indala, inokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegridi. Ikwakhuthaza ukwanda nokwanda kwezixhobo. Oku kugcina kwiindleko zegridi kwaye kuphucula ukusetyenziswa kweeasethi. Ukugcinwa kwamandla kusebenzisa izikhongozeli njengeyona nto iphambili. Isetyenziselwa kumandla okuvelisa kunye namacala egrid. Kukukoyikelwa zizicelo ngamandla angaphezulu kwe-30kw. Bafuna umthamo wemveliso ephezulu.
Iinkqubo ezintsha zamandla kwicala lomsebenzisi zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa kwaye kugcinwe amandla. Oku kunciphisa iindleko zombane kwaye kusebenzise ukugcinwa kwamandla ukuze uzinze amandla. Kwangelo xesha, abasebenzisi banokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ukugcina umbane xa amaxabiso asezantsi. Oku kubavumela ukuba banqumle ukusetyenziswa kwegridi xa amaxabiso aphezulu. Banokuthengisa umbane ukusuka kwinkqubo yokugcina ukwenza imali kwi-piak kunye ne-valles. Ugcino lwecala lomsebenzisi usebenzisa iikhabhathi njengeyona nto iphambili. Ifanele izicelo kwiipaki zeshishini nezorhwebo kwaye zisasaze izikhululo zombane zefotovoltaic. Ezi zikwi-1kw ukuya kwi-10kw yamandla amandla. Umthamo wemveliso uphantsi.
Inkqubo ye "Mnumzana-Igridi-yokuGcina i-Grid" yimeko eyongeziweyo yesicelo sokugcinwa kwamandla
Inkqubo "yomthwalo-yegridi-yogcino" yokugcina "yimowudi yokusebenza. Ibandakanya isisombululo 'somthombo wamandla, igridi yamandla, umthwalo, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ". Kungakwazi ukwenza amandla ukusebenzisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lwegridi. Ingalungisa iingxaki ezinjengegridi yokungasebenzi kokusetyenziswa kwamandla acocekileyo. Kule nkqubo, umthombo ngumthengisi wamandla. Kubandakanya amandla ahlaziyiweyo, anjengelanga, umoya, kunye ne-hydropower. Ikwabandakanya amandla okwesiko, enje ngamalahle, ioyile kunye nerhasi yendalo. IGridi yinethiwekhi yokuhambisa amandla. Kubandakanya imigca yokuhambisa kunye nezixhobo zenkqubo yamandla. Umthwalo ngumsebenzisi wokugqibela wamandla. Kubandakanya abahlali, amashishini kunye namaziko oluntu. Ukugcina yitekhnoloji yokugcina amandla. Kubandakanya izixhobo zokugcina kunye netekhnoloji.
Kwinkqubo yakudala yamandla, izityalo ze-Thermal zityalo ngumthombo wamandla. Amakhaya kunye namashishini ngulomthwalo. Zombini zihlukane. Igridi yamandla idibanisa. Isebenzisa indlela enkulu yolawulo. Yindlela yokulinganisa yexesha lokwenyani apho amandla alandela umthwalo.
Ngaphantsi kwe "Neincintsysystem", inkqubo yongeza imfuno yokutshaja yezithuthi zamandla amatsha njengo "umthwalo" kubasebenzisi. Oku kunyuke kakhulu uxinzelelo kwigridi yamandla. Iindlela zamandla amatsha, njengeefotovoltaics, zivumele abasebenzisi ukuba babe "ngumthombo wamandla." Kwakhona, izithuthi zamandla amatsha kufuneka zifune ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye, isizukulwana esitsha samandla amandla asizinzanga. Ke, abasebenzisi bafuna "ukugcinwa kwamandla" ukuze baphoxeze ifuthe lamandla abo kwaye basebenzise kwigridi. Oku kuyakwenza ukuba i-Peak Ruby Run kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla enzondo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha kuyasanda. Abasebenzisi ngoku bafuna ukwakha i-microgrids yasekhaya. Le mithombo yamandla "(ukukhanya)," ukugcinwa kwamandla "(ukugcinwa), kunye" nemithwalo "(ukutshaja). Basebenzisa ulawulo kunye nonxibelelwano ukulawula imithombo yamandla emininzi. Bavumela abasebenzisi bavelisa kwaye basebenzise amandla amatsha ekuhlaleni. Zikwanxibelelana negridi yamandla enkulu ngeendlela ezimbini. Oku kunciphisa ifuthe labo kwigridi kwaye kuyanceda ukulinganisa. I-microgrid encinci kunye nokugcina amandla yi "Photovvoltaic Stores kunye nenkqubo yokubiza". Kuyadityaniswa. Esi sisicelo esibalulekileyo se "Umthombo wegridi".
二. Amathemba okuSebenza kunye noMgangatho weNtengiso weShishini lokuGcina lamandla
Ingxelo yeCNSA ithi ekupheleni kuka-2023, inani lilonke leeprojekthi zokugcina amandla yayingama-289.20gw. Oku kuphakamileyo kwi-21.92% ukusuka kwi-237.20gw ekupheleni kuka-2022. Iyonke imithamo efakiweyo ye-Inch efikelelweyo ifikelele kwi-91.33gw. Olu lunyuso lwe-99.62% kunyaka ophelileyo.
Ekupheleni kuka-2023, uninzi lweeprojekthi zokugcina amandla e-China zafikelela kwi-86.50gw. Kwakuphakathi ku-44.65% ukusuka kwi-59.80gw ekupheleni kuka-2022. Ngoku yenza i-29.91% ye-4220 yeepesenti ukusuka esiphelweni se-2022. Inika i-59.40%. Ukukhula kwentengiso kuza ikakhulu kugcino lwamandla amatsha. Oku kubandakanya iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, iibhetri ze-acid-acid, kunye nomoya oxinzelelweyo. Banamandla ewonke engama-34,51gw. Olu lunyuso lwe-163.93% ukusuka kunyaka ophelileyo. Ngo-2023, ugcino lwamandla amatsha e-China luya kunyuka ngama-21.44Gw, ukunyuka kweminyaka yonyaka we-191.77%. Ukugcinwa kwamandla amatsha kubandakanya i-lithium-ion-ion kunye nomoya oxinzelelweyo. Zombini zinamakhulu eeprojekthi zegridi ezinxulumene negridi, zeMegawatt.
Ukugweba kucwangciso nolwakhiwo lweeprojekthi zamandla amatsha, ukugcinwa kwamandla ama-China Ngo-2022, kukho iiprojekthi ezili-1,799. Bacwangcisiwe, besakhiwa, okanye basebenza. Banamandla apheleleyo malunga ne-104.50gw. Uninzi lweeprojekthi zogcino lwamandla amatsha ezenziwe ukuba zisebenze zincinci kwaye ziphakathi. Ubungakanani babo bungaphantsi kwe-10mw. Benza malunga ne-61.98% yeyonke. Iiprojekthi zokugcina amandla okucwangciswa kwaye ukuqhutywa kolwakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ziyi-10mw nangaphezulu. Benza i-75.73% yeyonke. Ngaphezulu kwe-402 100 yeeprojekthi zeMegawatt zikwimisebenzi. Banesiseko kunye neemeko zokugcina amandla kwigridi yamandla.
I-Post Ixesha: IJUL-22-2024