IiNgcebiso eziBalulekileyo zokuKhetha iiNdidi zeCable zoMbane eziLungileyo, ubukhulu, kunye noFakelo

Kwiintambo, amandla ombane alinganiswa ngokwee-volts (V), kwaye iintambo zihlelwa ngokwendlela yokulinganisa umbane wazo. Ukulinganiswa kwe-voltage kubonisa ubuninzi be-voltage yokusebenza ikhebula inokusingatha ngokukhuselekileyo. Nazi iindidi eziphambili zamandla ombane kwiintambo, usetyenziso oluhambelanayo, kunye nemigangatho:

1. Iintambo zombane ophantsi (LV).

• Uluhlu lwamandla ombaneUkuya kuthi ga kwi-1 kV (1000V)
• Usetyenziso: Isetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, kunye nemizi-mveliso yokuhambisa umbane, ukukhanyisa, kunye neenkqubo zombane ophantsi.
• Imigangatho eqhelekileyo:
  • IEC 60227: Kwiintambo ze-PVC ezifakwe kwi-insulated (ezisetyenziswa ekusasazeni amandla).
  • IEC 60502: Kwiintambo zombane ophantsi.
  • BS 6004: Kuba iintambo PVC-insulated.
  • UL 62: Kwiintambo eziguquguqukayo e-US

2. IiCables zombane oPhakathi (MV).

• Uluhlu lwamandla ombane: 1 kV ukuya kuma-36 kV
• Usetyenziso: Isetyenziswa kuthungelwano lwamandla kunye nokusasazwa kothungelwano, ngokuqhelekileyo kumashishini okanye kwizicelo eziluncedo.
• Imigangatho eqhelekileyo:
  • IEC 60502-2: Kwiintambo zombane ophakathi.
  • IEC 60840: Kwiintambo ezisetyenziswa kuthungelwano lwe-voltage ephezulu.
  • IEEE 383: Kwiintambo zokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu ezisetyenziswa kwizityalo zamandla.

3. Iintambo zombane oPhezulu (HV).

• Uluhlu lwamandla ombane: 36 kV ukuya ku-245 kV
• Usetyenziso: Isetyenziswa kuthumelo lomgama omde lombane, izikhululo ezinombane ophezulu, kunye nezibonelelo zokuvelisa umbane.
• Imigangatho eqhelekileyo:
  • IEC 60840: Kwiintambo zombane ophezulu.
  • IEC 62067: Kwiintambo ezisetyenziswa kwi-high-voltage AC kunye ne-DC transmission.
  • IEEEE 48: Ukuvavanya iintambo zombane ophezulu.

4. Iintambo zombane oPhezulu oPhezulu (EHV) iiCables

• Uluhlu lwamandla ombane: Ngaphezu kwe-245 kV
• Usetyenziso: Kwiinkqubo ze-ultra-high-voltage transmission (ezisetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla amakhulu ombane kwimigama emide).
• Imigangatho eqhelekileyo:
  • IEC 60840: Ukuze iintambo ezongezelelweyo eziphezulu-voltage.
  • IEC 62067: Isebenza kwiintambo zogqithiso lwe-high-voltage DC.
  • IEEE 400: Uvavanyo kunye nemigangatho yeenkqubo zeentambo ze-EHV.

5. IiCables eziKhethekileyo zoMbane (umzekelo, i-Low-Voltge DC, iiCables zeSolar)

• Uluhlu lwamandla ombane: Iyahluka, kodwa ngokwesiqhelo ngaphantsi kwe-1 kV
• Usetyenziso: Isetyenziselwa usetyenziso oluthile olufana neenkqubo zephaneli yelanga, izithuthi zombane, okanye ezonxibelelwano.
• Imigangatho eqhelekileyo:
  • IEC 60287: Kubalwa umthamo wangoku wokuthwala iintambo.
  • UL 4703: Ngeentambo zelanga.
  • TÜV: Ngezatifikethi zentambo yelanga (umzekelo, TÜV 2PfG 1169/08.2007).

IiCables ezineVolthage ePhantsi (LV) kunye neHigh Voltage (HV) iiCables zinokuphinda zohlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezithile, nganye iyilelwe usetyenziso oluthile ngokusekelwe kwimathiriyeli yazo, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokusingqongileyo. Nalu ucazululo oluneenkcukacha:

Iintlobo eziNcinane zeeNdwendwe zombane woMbane (LV):

1. IiCables zokusasaza amandla

   • Inkcazo: Ezi zezona ntambo zixhaphakileyo zombane ophantsi wokuhambisa umbane kwiindawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, nakwimizi-mveliso.
   • Usetyenziso:
     • Ukunikezelwa kombane kwizakhiwo kunye noomatshini.
     • Iiphaneli zokusasaza, iibhodi zokutshintsha, kunye neesekethe zamandla ngokubanzi.
   • ImiGangatho yoMzekelo: IEC 60227 (PVC-insulated), IEC 60502-1 (ngenjongo jikelele).

2. IiCables zeSikhali (Steel Wire Armored-SWA, Aluminium Wire Armored-AWA)

   • Inkcazo: Ezi ntambo zinentsimbi okanye i-aluminium yocingo lwe-armor layer yokukhusela okongeziweyo komatshini, okwenza kube lula kwiindawo zangaphandle kunye nezoshishino apho umonakalo womzimba uxhalabile.
   • Usetyenziso:
     • Ufakelo oluphantsi komhlaba.
     • Oomatshini kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza.
     • Ufakelo lwangaphandle kwiindawo ezinzima.
   • ImiGangatho yoMzekelo: IEC 60502-1, BS 5467, kunye ne-BS 6346.

3. Iintambo zerabha (Iintambo zerabha eziguquguqukayo)

   • Inkcazo: Ezi ntambo zenziwe nge-rubber insulation kunye ne-sheathing, enikezela ukuguquguquka kunye nokuqina. Ziyilelwe ukusetyenziswa kunxibelelwano lwexeshana okanye oluguquguqukayo.
   • Usetyenziso:
     • Oomatshini abaphathwayo (umzekelo, iikhreyini, iiforklift).
     • Ukuseta amandla okwethutyana.
     • Izithuthi zombane, iindawo zokwakha, kunye nezicelo zangaphandle.
   • ImiGangatho yoMzekelo: IEC 60245 (H05RR-F, H07RN-F), UL 62 (yeentambo eziguquguqukayo).

4. Iintambo zeHalogen-Free (umsi ophantsi).

   • Inkcazo: Ezi ntambo zisebenzisa izinto ezingenayo i-halogen, ezenza ukuba zilungele indawo apho ukhuseleko lomlilo luphambili. Kwimeko yomlilo, zikhupha umsi ophantsi kwaye azivelisi iigesi eziyingozi.
   • Usetyenziso:
     • Izikhululo zeenqwelo moya, izibhedlele, nezikolo (izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke).
     • Iindawo zoshishino apho ukhuseleko lomlilo lubalulekile.
     • Iindlela ezingaphantsi, iitonela, kunye neendawo ezivaliweyo.
   • ImiGangatho yoMzekelo: IEC 60332-1 (ukuziphatha komlilo), EN 50267 (umsi ophantsi).

5. Iintambo zokulawula

   • Inkcazo: Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa iimpawu zokulawula okanye idatha kwiinkqubo apho ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kungafuneki. Zinee-conductor ezininzi ezigqunyiweyo, zihlala zikwimo ebambeneyo.
   • Usetyenziso:
     • Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo (umzekelo, ukuvelisa, ii-PLCs).
     • Iiphaneli zokulawula, iinkqubo zokukhanyisa, kunye nolawulo lweemoto.
   • ImiGangatho yoMzekelo: IEC 60227, IEC 60502-1.

6. iiCables zeSolar (Photovoltaic Cables)

   • Inkcazo: Yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zamandla elanga. Ziyakwazi ukumelana ne-UV, ukumelana nemozulu, kwaye ziyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
   • Usetyenziso:
     • Ufakelo lwamandla elanga (iinkqubo ze-photovoltaic).
     • Ukudibanisa iipaneli zelanga kwii-inverters.
   • ImiGangatho yoMzekelo: TÜV 2PfG 1169/08.2007, UL 4703.

7. IiCables eziMcaba

   • Inkcazo: Ezi ntambo zineprofayili ecaba, zizenza zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezixineneyo kunye neendawo apho iintambo ezingqukuva ziya kuba zininzi kakhulu.
   • Usetyenziso:
     • Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okuhlala kwiindawo eziqingqiweyo.
     • Izixhobo zeofisi okanye izixhobo zombane.
   • ImiGangatho yoMzekeloI-IEC 60227, UL 62.

8. IiCables ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo

   • Iintambo zeeNkqubo eziNgxamisekileyo:
     Ezi ntambo zenzelwe ukugcina i-conductivity yombane ngexesha lomlilo ogqithiseleyo. Baqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kweenkqubo ezingxamisekileyo ezifana nee-alam, izixhobo zokukhupha umsi, kunye neepompo zomlilo.
     Usetyenziso: Iisekethe ezingxamisekileyo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, iinkqubo zokhuseleko lomlilo, kunye nezakhiwo ezihlala abantu abaninzi.

9. Iintambo zomculo

   • IiCables eziKhuselweyo zoThutho loMqondiso:
     Ezi ntambo zenzelwe ukuhanjiswa kweempawu zedatha kwiindawo ezinokuphazamiseka okuphezulu kombane we-electromagnetic (EMI). Zikhuselwe ukukhusela ukulahleka komqondiso kunye nokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha efanelekileyo.
     Usetyenziso: Ufakelo lwamashishini, ukuhanjiswa kwedatha, kunye neendawo ezine-EMI ephezulu.

10. IiCables ezikhethekileyo

    • Iikheyibhile zosetyenziso olulodwa:
      Iintambo ezikhethekileyo ziyilelwe ukufakelwa kwe-niche, njengokukhanyisa okwethutyana kwimiboniso yezorhwebo, ukudityaniswa kweekhreyini ezihamba phezulu, iimpompo eziphantsi kwamanzi, kunye neenkqubo zokucoca amanzi. Ezi ntambo zakhelwe indawo ezithile ezinje nge-aquariums, amadama okuqubha, okanye olunye ufakelo olulodwa.
      Usetyenziso: Ufakelo lwexeshana, iinkqubo ezintywiliselwe emanzini, iindawo ezihlala emanzini, iindawo zokuqubha, kunye noomatshini boshishino.

11. Iintambo zeAluminiyam

    • IiCables zoThutho lwaMandla eAluminiyam:
      Iintambo ze-Aluminiyam zisetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye nokusabalalisa kuzo zombini iifakelo zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Zilula kwaye zinendleko, zifanelekile kuthungelwano lokuhambisa amandla amakhulu.
      Usetyenziso: Ukuhanjiswa kombane, ufakelo lwangaphandle naphantsi komhlaba, kunye nokuhanjiswa okukhulu.

IiCables zombane oPhakathi (MV).

1. IiCables zeRHZ1

• IiCables ezifakwe kwi-XLPE:
  Ezi ntambo zenzelwe uthungelwano lombane ophakathi kunye ne-cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation. Azinayo i-halogen kwaye azinamlilo, zizenza zilungele ukuthuthwa kwamandla kunye nokuhanjiswa kuthungelwano lombane ophakathi.
  Usetyenziso: Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane ophakathi, ukuthuthwa kwamandla.

2. Iintambo zeHEPRZ1

• HEPR Insulated Cables:
  Ezi ntambo zine-high-energy-resistant polyethylene (HEPR) ukugquma kwaye azinahalogen. Zikulungele ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane ophakathi kwiindawo apho ukhuseleko lomlilo luyinkxalabo.
  Usetyenziso: Uthungelwano lwamandla ombane aphakathi, iindawo ezingevani nomlilo.

3. IiCables zeMV-90

• I-XLPE i-Insulated Cables ngokweMigangatho yaseMelika:
  Eyilelwe uthungelwano lwamandla ombane aphakathi, ezi ntambo zidibana nemigangatho yaseMelika yokugquma i-XLPE. Zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha kunye nokuhambisa amandla ngokukhuselekileyo kwiinkqubo zombane zamandla aphakathi.
  Usetyenziso: Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kwiinethiwekhi zombane ophakathi.

4. Iintambo zeRHVhMVh

• Iintambo zosetyenziso olukhethekileyo:
  Ezi ntambo zobhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam ziyilelwe ngokukodwa iindawo ezinobungozi bokuvezwa kwi-oyile, iikhemikhali kunye nee-hydrocarbons. Zikulungele ukufakwa kwiindawo ezinzima, ezifana nezityalo zekhemikhali.
  Usetyenziso: Izicelo ezikhethekileyo zemizi-mveliso, iindawo ezinemichiza okanye i-oyile yokuvezwa.

Iintlobo ezincinci zeeNcingo zombane oPhezulu (HV):

1. IiCables zamandla ombane aphezulu

   • Inkcazo: Ezi ntambo zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa amandla ombane kumgama omde kumandla ombane aphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo yi-36 kV ukuya kuma-245 kV). Zigqunywe ngoomaleko bezinto ezinokumelana nombane ophezulu.
   • Usetyenziso:
     • Iigridi zothumelo lwamandla (iintambo zokuhambisa umbane).
     • Izitishi kunye nezityalo zombane.
   • ImiGangatho yoMzekeloIEC 60840, IEC 62067.

2. iiCables ze-XLPE (Iintambo eziNxibeleleyo zePolyethylene ezigqunyiweyo)

   • Inkcazo: Ezi ntambo zine-cross-linked polyethylene insulation enika iimpawu zombane eziphezulu, ukumelana nobushushu, kunye nokuqina. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane aphakathi ukuya phezulu.
   • Usetyenziso:
     • Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kwiindawo zoshishino.
     • Iintambo zombane zesikhululo esingaphantsi.
     • Ukuhanjiswa komgama omde.
   • ImiGangatho yoMzekelo: IEC 60502, IEC 60840, UL 1072.

3. IiCables ezizaliswe ngeoli

   • Inkcazo: Iintambo zokuzaliswa kweoli phakathi kwee-conductor kunye ne-insulation layers zokuphucula iimpawu ze-dielectric kunye nokupholisa. Ezi zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezineemfuno zombane ezigqithisileyo.
   • Usetyenziso:
     • Izixhobo ze-oyile ezikude nonxweme.
     • Ukuhanjiswa kolwandle olunzulu nangaphantsi kwamanzi.
     • Izicwangciso ezifunwa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso.
   • ImiGangatho yoMzekelo: IEC 60502-1, IEC 60840.

4. iiCables-Insulated Cables (GIL)

   • Inkcazo: Ezi ntambo zisebenzisa irhasi (ngokuqhelekileyo i-sulphur hexafluoride) njengendawo yokugquma endaweni yemathiriyeli eqinileyo. Zihlala zisetyenziswa kwindawo apho indawo ilinganiselwe.
   • Usetyenziso:
     • Iindawo ezisezidolophini ezinoxinano oluphezulu (izitishi).
     • Iimeko ezifuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu ekuhanjisweni kwamandla (umzekelo, iigridi zasezidolophini).
   • ImiGangatho yoMzekelo: IEC 62271-204, IEC 60840.

5. IiCables zaseNkwini

   • Inkcazo: Yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla angaphantsi kwamanzi, ezi ntambo zakhiwe ukuxhathisa ukungena kwamanzi kunye noxinzelelo. Zihlala zisetyenziswa kwi-intercontinental okanye kwi-offshore yamandla avuselelekayo.
   • Usetyenziso:
     • Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla angaphantsi kolwandle phakathi kwamazwe okanye iziqithi.
     • Iifama zomoya ezikude nonxweme, iinkqubo zamandla angaphantsi kwamanzi.
   • ImiGangatho yoMzekelo: IEC 60287, IEC 60840.

6. Iintambo ze-HVDC (Umbane oPhezulu oNgqo ngqo ngoku)

   • Inkcazo: Ezi ntambo zenzelwe ukuhambisa amandla akhoyo ngqo (DC) kumgama omde kumbane ophezulu. Zisetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla aphezulu kwimigama emide kakhulu.
   • Usetyenziso:
     • Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla omgama omde.
     • Ukuqhagamshela iigridi zamandla ezivela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo okanye amazwe.
   • ImiGangatho yoMzekeloI-IEC 60287, i-IEC 62067.

Amacandelo eeCables zoMbane

Ikhebula lombane liqukethe amacandelo amaninzi abalulekileyo, ngalinye lisebenza umsebenzi othile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhebula lenza injongo yalo ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo. Amalungu aphambili entambo yombane aquka:

1. Umqhubi

Iumqhubiyinxalenye esembindini yentambo apho umsinga wombane uhamba khona. Ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngezinto ezizikhondaktha ezilungileyo zombane, ezifana nobhedu okanye i-aluminiyam. Umqhubi unoxanduva lokuthwala amandla ombane ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwelinye.

Iindidi zabaqhubi:

• I-Bare Conductor:

  • Inkcazo: I-Copper yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-conductor ngenxa ye-conductivity yayo egqwesileyo yombane kunye nokuchasana nokubola. Ii-conductor zethusi ezingenanto zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye neentambo zombane eziphantsi.
  • Usetyenziso: Iintambo zombane, iintambo zolawulo, kunye neengcingo kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nofakelo lwemizi-mveliso.

• IKondi yeKopolo eneTinki:

  • Inkcazo: Ikhopha enkonkxiweyo lubhedu oluqatywe ngomaleko obhityileyo wenkcenkce ukunyusa ukuxhathisa kwawo ekudlekeni kunye ne-oxidation. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwiindawo zaselwandle okanye apho iintambo zibekwe phezu kweemeko zemozulu ezimaxongo.
  • Usetyenziso: Iintambo ezisetyenziselwa ngaphandle okanye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezinomswakama, izicelo zaselwandle.

• Aluminium Conductor:

  • Inkcazo: I-Aluminiyam yinto ekhaphukhaphu kwaye eneendleko ezingaphezulu kunobhedu. Nangona i-aluminiyam ine-conductivity yombane ephantsi kunobhedu, ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane aphezulu kunye neentambo ezide ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezilula.
  • Usetyenziso: Iintambo zokuhambisa amandla, iintambo eziphakathi kunye nephezulu-voltage, iintambo zasemoyeni.

• I-Aluminiyam ye-Alloy Conductor:

  • Inkcazo: Abaqhubi be-aluminium alloy badibanisa i-aluminium kunye neemali ezincinci zezinye izinyithi, ezifana ne-magnesium okanye i-silicon, ukuphucula amandla abo kunye nokuhamba. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa iintambo zokuhambisa ngaphezulu.
  • Usetyenziso: Iintambo zamandla angaphezulu, ukuhanjiswa kwe-voltage ephakathi.

2. I-Insulation

IukugqumaUkujikeleza i-conductor kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukutshatyalaliswa kombane kunye neesekethe ezimfutshane. Izinto zokufakelwa kwe-insulation zikhethwa ngokusekelwe kumandla abo okumelana nombane, i-thermal, kunye noxinzelelo lwendalo.

Iintlobo zokugquma:

• I-PVC (i-Polyvinyl Chloride) i-Insulation:

  • Inkcazo: I-PVC yinto esetyenziswa ngokubanzi yokugquma kwiintambo zombane ophantsi naphakathi. Iguquguquka, ihlala ixesha elide, kwaye inika ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kwi-abrasion kunye nokufuma.
  • Usetyenziso: Iintambo zombane, iintambo zasendlini, neentambo zokulawula.

• I-XLPE (I-Polyethylene eNqamkileyo) Ukufakwa kwe-Insulation:

  • Inkcazo: I-XLPE yinto ephezulu yokufakelwa kwezinto ezichasene nokushisa okuphezulu, uxinzelelo lombane, kunye nokuchithwa kweekhemikhali. Iqhele ukusetyenziselwa iintambo zombane ophakathi kunye nophezulu.
  • Usetyenziso: Iintambo zamandla ombane aphakathi naphezulu, iintambo zombane zokusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso nangaphandle.

• I-EPR (i-Ethylene Propylene Rubber) Ukufakwa kwe-Insulation:

  • Inkcazo: Ukufakwa kwe-EPR kunika iimpawu ezintle zombane, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, kunye nokuchasana nokufuma kunye neekhemikhali. Isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna ukugquma okuguquguqukayo kunye nokuqina.
  • Usetyenziso: Iintambo zamandla, iintambo zamashishini eziguquguqukayo, iindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu.

• I-Rubber Insulation:

  • Inkcazo: I-rubber insulation isetyenziselwa iintambo ezifuna ukuguquguquka kunye nokomelela. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe kwiindawo apho iintambo kufuneka zixhathise uxinzelelo lomatshini okanye ukunyakaza.
  • Usetyenziso: Izixhobo eziphathwayo, iintambo zokuwelda, oomatshini boshishino.

• I-Halogen-Free Insulation (LSZH – Umsi oPhantsi onguZero Halogen):

  • Inkcazo: Izinto zokugquma i-LSZH zenzelwe ukukhupha umsi omncinci kunye nokungabikho kweegesi ze-halogen xa zibonakaliswe emlilweni, okwenza zibe zilungele iindawo ezifuna imigangatho ephezulu yokhuseleko lomlilo.
  • Usetyenziso: Izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke, iitonela, izikhululo zeenqwelomoya, iintambo zolawulo kwiindawo ezingevani nomlilo.

3. Ukukhusela

Ukukhuselaisoloko yongezwa kwiintambo zokukhusela i-conductor kunye nokugquma kwi-electromagnetic interference (EMI) okanye uphazamiseko lwerediyo-frequency (RFI). Isenokusetyenziswa ukuthintela intambo ekuphumeni imitha yombane.

Iintlobo zokuKhusela:

• Ukukhusela i-Copper Braid:

  • Inkcazo: Iibradi zobhedu zibonelela ngokhuseleko olubalaseleyo kwi-EMI kunye ne-RFI. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa iintambo zesixhobo kunye neentambo apho izibonakaliso ze-high-frequency kufuneka zihanjiswe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
  • Usetyenziso: Iintambo zedatha, iintambo zomqondiso, kunye nee-elektroniki ezibuthathaka.

• I-Aluminiyam yeFoil Shielding:

  • Inkcazo: Izikhuselo ze-aluminium ze-foil zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngokhuseleko olulula kunye noluguquguqukayo kwi-EMI. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka kwiintambo ezifuna ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kokukhusela.
  • Usetyenziso: Iintambo zesignali eziguquguqukayo, iintambo zamandla eziphantsi-voltage.

• I-Foil kunye ne-Braid Combination Shielding:

  • Inkcazo: Olu hlobo lokukhusela ludibanisa zombini i-foil kunye ne-braids ukubonelela ukukhuselwa kabini ekuphazamiseni ngelixa ugcina ukuguquguquka.
  • Usetyenziso: Iintambo zemiqondiso yeshishini, iinkqubo zokulawula ezibuthathaka, iintambo zesixhobo.

4. Ibhatyi (Isingxobo sangaphandle)

Iibhatyingumaleko ongaphandle wentambo, obonelela ngokhuseleko ngoomatshini kunye nokhuseleko kwizinto zokusingqongileyo ezifana nokufuma, iikhemikhali, imitha ye-UV, kunye nokunxiba komzimba.

Iindidi zeebhatyi:

• Ibhatyi yePVC:

  • Inkcazo: Iibhatyi zePVC zibonelela ngokhuseleko olusisiseko ngokuchasene nokuqhawuka, amanzi, kunye neekhemikhali ezithile. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumandla-njongo jikelele kunye neentambo zokulawula.
  • Usetyenziso: Iingcingo zokuhlala, iintambo zemizi-mveliso ezikhanyayo, iintambo zenjongo jikelele.

• Ibhatyi yerabha:

  • Inkcazo: Iibhatyi zeRubber zisetyenziselwa iintambo ezifuna ukuguquguquka kunye nokuchasana okuphezulu kuxinzelelo lomatshini kunye neemeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo.
  • Usetyenziso: Iintambo zamashishini eziguquguqukayo, iintambo ze-welding, iintambo zamandla zangaphandle.

• Polyethylene (PE) Ibhatyi:

  • Inkcazo: Iibhatyi ze-PE zisetyenziselwa izicelo apho intambo ibonakaliswe kwiimeko zangaphandle kwaye idinga ukuxhathisa imitha ye-UV, umswakama kunye neekhemikhali.
  • Usetyenziso: Iintambo zombane zangaphandle, iintambo zonxibelelwano ngemfonomfono, ufakelo oluphantsi komhlaba.

• IJacket yeHalogen-Free (LSZH).:

  • Inkcazo: Iibhatyi zeLSZH zisetyenziswa kwiindawo apho ukhuseleko lomlilo lubalulekile. Ezi zixhobo aziwukhuphi umsi oyityhefu okanye iigesi ezidliwayo xa kutsha.
  • Usetyenziso: Izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke, iitonela, iziseko zothutho.

5. Ukuphatha izixhobo (Ngokuzikhethela)

Kwiintlobo ezithile zeentambo,izixhoboisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngokhuseleko lomatshini kumonakalo womzimba, obaluleke kakhulu kufakelo lwangaphantsi okanye lwangaphandle.

• IiCables zocingo lwentsimbi oluxhotyisiweyo (i-SWA).:

  • Inkcazo: Izixhobo zentsimbi yentsimbi yongeza umaleko owongezelelweyo wokukhusela kumonakalo womatshini, uxinzelelo, kunye nefuthe.
  • Usetyenziso: Ufakelo lwangaphandle okanye olungaphantsi komhlaba, iindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu wokulimala ngokomzimba.

• IiCables zeAluminiyam yocingo oluxhotyisiweyo (AWA).:

  • Inkcazo: I-Aluminiyam yokuxhobisa isetyenziselwa iinjongo ezifanayo njengentsimbi yentsimbi kodwa inika enye indlela elula.
  • Usetyenziso: Ufakelo lwangaphandle, oomatshini boshishino, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla.

Kwezinye iimeko, iintambo zombane zixhotyiswe nge-aikhaka lesinyithi or ukhuselo lwesinyithiumaleko wokubonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza. Iikhaka lesinyithiisebenza ngeenjongo ezininzi, ezinjengokuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI), ukukhusela umqhubi, kunye nokubonelela ngesiseko sokhuseleko. Nazi eziphambiliiintlobo zentsimbi yokukhuselakunye naboimisebenzi ethile:

Iindidi zeMetal Shielding kwiiCables

1. I-Copper Braid Shielding

• Inkcazo: Isikhuselo se-braid ye-Copper siquka imicu elukiweyo yocingo lobhedu olubhijelwe kwi-insulation yentambo. Yenye yezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zokhuselo lwesinyithi olusetyenziswa kwiintambo.
• Imisebenzi:
  • UThintelo loMbane woMbane (EMI) uKhuselo: I-Copper braid ibonelela ngokugqwesileyo ngokukhusela ngokuchasene ne-EMI kunye nokuphazamiseka kwerediyo yerediyo (RFI). Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinezinga eliphezulu lengxolo yombane.
  • Ukuthoba: Umaleko wobhedu ophothiweyo usebenza njengendlela eya emhlabeni, eqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngokuthintela ukwakhiwa kweentlawulo zombane eziyingozi.
  • Ukukhuselwa koomatshini: Yongeza umaleko wamandla omatshini kwikhebula, okwenza ukuba ixhathise ngakumbi kwi-abrasion kunye nomonakalo ovela kumandla angaphandle.
• Usetyenziso: Isetyenziswa kwiintambo zedatha, iintambo zesixhobo, iintambo zomqondiso, kunye neentambo zombane obuthathaka.

2. I-Aluminiyam yeFoil Shielding

• Inkcazo: I-Aluminiyam yokukhusela i-foil shielding iqulethe i-aluminium encinci ehlanganiswe kwintambo, ehlala idibaniswa ne-polyester okanye ifilimu yeplastiki. Olu khuselo lukhaphukhaphu kwaye lubonelela ngokhuseleko oluqhubekayo malunga nomqhubi.
• Imisebenzi:
  • I-Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) yokuKhusela: I-aluminium foil inika ukhuseleko oluhle kakhulu kwi-EMI kunye ne-RFI ephantsi, inceda ukugcina ingqibelelo yeempawu ngaphakathi kwentambo.
  • Umqobo wokufuma: Ukongeza kwi-EMI yokukhusela, i-aluminium foil isebenza njengesithintelo somswakama, ukukhusela amanzi kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo ukuba zingene kwikhebula.
  • Ikhaphukhaphu kwaye Ixabiso-Ngempumelelo: I-Aluminium ilula kwaye ifikeleleke ngakumbi kunobhedu, iyenza ibe yisisombululo esineendleko zokukhusela.
• Usetyenziso: Idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiintambo zonxibelelwano, iintambo ze-coaxial, kunye neentambo zombane ezine-voltage ephantsi.

3. I-Braid edibeneyo kunye ne-Foil Shielding

• Inkcazo: Olu hlobo lokukhusela ludibanisa zombini i-braid yobhedu kunye ne-aluminium foil ukubonelela ukukhuselwa kabini. I-braid yobhedu inika amandla kunye nokukhuselwa kumonakalo womzimba, ngelixa i-aluminium foil inika ukhuseleko lwe-EMI oluqhubekayo.
• Imisebenzi:
  • I-EMI ephuculweyo kunye ne-RFI Shielding: Indibaniselwano ye-braid kunye nezikhuselo ze-foil zibonelela ngokhuseleko oluphezulu kuluhlu olubanzi lokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa komqondiso okuthembekileyo.
  • Ukuguquguquka kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide: Olu khuselo lubini lubonelela ngokukhusela komatshini (i-braid) kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-high-frequency interference (foil), okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwiintambo eziguquguqukayo.
  • Ukubekwa phantsi komhlaba kunye noKhuseleko: I-braid yobhedu iphinda isebenze njengendlela yokumisa, ukuphucula ukhuseleko ekufakeni ikhebula.
• Usetyenziso: Isetyenziswa kwiintambo zolawulo lwamashishini, iintambo zothumelo lwedatha, iingcingo zesixhobo sonyango, kunye nezinye izicelo apho zombini amandla omatshini kunye nokhuselo lwe-EMI lufuneka.

4. Izixhobo zocingo zentsimbi (SWA)

• Inkcazo: Isikrweqe socingo lwentsimbi siquka ukusonga iingcingo zentsimbi kwi-insulation yentambo, edla ngokusetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa nolunye uhlobo lokhuselo okanye ukugquma.
• Imisebenzi:
  • Ukukhuselwa koomatshini: I-SWA inika ukhuseleko oluqinileyo lomzimba kwimpembelelo, ukutyumza, kunye nolunye uxinzelelo lomatshini. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiintambo ezifuna ukumelana neendawo ezinzima, ezifana neziza zokwakha okanye ufakelo oluphantsi komhlaba.
  • Ukuthoba: Ucingo lwentsimbi lunokusebenza njengendlela yokumisa ukhuseleko.
  • Ukunyangwa kokuMhlwa: Izikrweqe zocingo lwentsimbi, ngakumbi xa zifakwe igalvan, zinika ukhuselo oluthile ekudlekeni, oluluncedo kwiintambo ezisetyenziswa kwindawo erhabaxa okanye yangaphandle.
• Usetyenziso: Isetyenziswa kwiintambo zamandla zofakelo lwangaphandle okanye oluphantsi komhlaba, iinkqubo zolawulo lwamashishini, kunye neentambo kwindawo apho umngcipheko womonakalo womatshini uphezulu.

5. IAluminiyam yoNxibelelwano lwezixhobo (AWA)

• Inkcazo: Ngokufana nentsimbi yentsimbi, i-aluminiyam i-armoring isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngokhuseleko lomatshini kwiintambo. Ikhaphukhaphu kwaye ineendleko ezingaphezulu kuneyokuxhobisa ngocingo lwentsimbi.
• Imisebenzi:
  • Ukhuseleko loMzimba: I-AWA ibonelela ngokhuseleko kumonakalo womzimba njengokutyunyuzwa, iimpembelelo, kunye nokuqhawuka. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukufakela okungaphantsi komhlaba kunye nangaphandle apho intambo inokuvezwa kuxinzelelo lomatshini.
  • Ukuthoba: Njenge-SWA, ucingo lwe-aluminium lunokunceda ukubonelela ngesiseko seenjongo zokhuseleko.
  • Ukunyangwa kokuMhlwa: I-Aluminiyam inika ukuxhathisa okungcono kwi-corrosion kwiindawo ezivezwe kumswakama okanye iikhemikhali.
• Usetyenziso: Isetyenziswa kwiintambo zamandla, ngakumbi ukuhanjiswa kwe-voltage ephakathi kufakelo lwangaphandle naphantsi komhlaba.

IsiShwankathelo seMisebenzi yeZikhuselo zeMetal

• UThintelo loMbane woMbane (EMI) uKhuselo: Izikhuselo zentsimbi ezifana nobhedu olulukiweyo kunye nefoyile ye-aluminiyam ibhloka imiqondiso ye-electromagnetic engafunekiyo echaphazela ukuhanjiswa komqondiso wangaphakathi wentambo okanye ekubalekeni nasekuphazamiseni ezinye izixhobo.
• Umqondiso weMfezeko: Ukukhusela isinyithi kuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwedatha okanye ukuhanjiswa kwesignali kwiindawo eziphezulu ze-frequency, ngokukodwa kwizixhobo ezibucayi.
• Ukukhuselwa koomatshini: Izikhuselo ezixhobileyo, nokuba zenziwe ngentsimbi okanye i-aluminiyam, zikhusela iintambo emonakalweni womzimba obangelwa kukutyumza, iimpembelelo, okanye ukukrazula, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinzima zoshishino.
• Ukhuseleko lokufuma: Ezinye iintlobo zokukhusela isinyithi, njenge-aluminium foil, zikwanceda ukuvimba umswakama ekungeneni kwikhebula, ukukhusela umonakalo kwizinto zangaphakathi.
• Ukuthoba: Izikhuselo zetsimbi, ngokukodwa ii-braids zethusi kunye neengcingo ezixhobileyo, zinokubonelela ngeendlela zokumisa, ukuphucula ukhuseleko ngokuthintela iingozi zombane.
• Ukunyangwa kokuMhlwa: Iintsimbi ezithile, ezifana ne-aluminiyam kunye nentsimbi ekhandisiweyo, zibonelela ngokhuseleko olwandisiweyo ngokuchasene nomhlwa, zizenza zifanelekele ngaphandle, ngaphantsi kwamanzi, okanye imekobume yeekhemikhali ezirhabaxa.

Ukusetyenziswa kweeCables zeMetal Shielded:

• Unxibelelwano: Kwiintambo ze-coaxial kunye neentambo zokudlulisa idatha, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wesignali kunye nokuchasana nokuphazamiseka.
• IiNkqubo zoLawulo lwezoShishino: Kwiintambo ezisetyenziswa kumatshini onzima kunye neenkqubo zokulawula, apho zombini ukhuseleko lomatshini kunye nombane lufunekayo.
• Ufakelo lwangaphandle naphantsi komhlaba: Ngeentambo zombane okanye iintambo ezisetyenziswa kwindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu wokonakala ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ukuvezwa kwiimeko ezinzima.
• Izixhobo zonyango: Kwiintambo ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zonyango, apho zombini imfezeko yomqondiso kunye nokhuseleko zibalulekile.
• Ukusasazwa koMbane kunye namandla: Kwiintambo eziphakathi kunye ne-high-voltage, ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezijongene nokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle okanye umonakalo womatshini.

Ngokukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lokukhusela isinyithi, unokuqinisekisa ukuba iintambo zakho zihlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza, ukuqina, kunye nokhuseleko kwizicelo ezithile.

IiNdibano zokuthiywa kweCable

1. Iintlobo zokugquma

2. Iintlobo zokuKhusela

3. I-Liner yangaphakathi

4. Iintlobo zesikrweqe

5. Isingxobo sangaphandle

6. Iintlobo zomqhubi

7. Ixabiso leVoloji

8. Iintambo zokulawula

9. Umzekelo Ukwahlulwahlulwa kwegama leCable

Imimiselo yoYilo lweCable ngokweNgingqi

IiNqanaba zoYilo oluPhambili ngokweNgingqi

Amanqaku awongezelelweyo kwiMigangatho:

• imigangatho GB Chinazijolise ikakhulu kukhuseleko jikelele kunye nolawulo lomgangatho, kodwa zikwabandakanya imimiselo eyodwa kwiimfuno zasekhaya zaseTshayina, ezinjengokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.

• Imigangatho ye-UL e-USzibonwa ngokubanzi kuvavanyo lomlilo nokhuseleko. Bahlala begxila kwiingozi zombane ezifana nokushisa ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokumelana nomlilo, okubalulekileyo ekufakeni kuzo zombini izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezoshishino.

• Imigangatho ye-IECziyaziwa kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye zisetyenziswa kulo lonke elaseYurophu nakwezinye iindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Bajonge ukulungelelanisa ukhuseleko kunye nemilinganiselo yomgangatho, ukwenza iintambo zikhuseleke ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumakhaya ukuya kumaziko oshishino.

• imigangatho ye-JISeJapan zigxile kakhulu kukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nokuguquguquka. Imimiselo yabo iqinisekisa ukuba iintambo zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiindawo zoshishino kwaye zihlangabezana nemigangatho ekhuselekileyo yokhuseleko.

Iubungakanani obuqhelekileyo babaqhubiichazwa yimigangatho eyahlukeneyo yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemimiselo yokuqinisekisa imilinganiselo echanekileyo kunye neempawu zabaqhubi ukwenzela ukuhanjiswa kombane okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo. Ngezantsi zizo eziphambiliimigangatho yobungakanani bomqhubi:

1. ImiGangatho yoBukhulu be-Conductor ngokweMathiriyeli

Ubungakanani babaqhubi bombane buhlala buchazwa ngokwemiqathango yeindawo enqamlezileyo(kwi mm²) okanyeigeyiji(AWG okanye kcmil), ngokuxhomekeke kummandla kunye nodidi izinto umqhubi (ubhedu, aluminiyam, njl.).

a. IiConductor zobhedu:

• Indawo enqamlezileyo(mm²): Uninzi lwezikhondatha zobhedu zilinganiswe ngokwendawo yazo enqamlezileyo, ngokwesiqhelo ukusukela0.5 mm² to 400 mm²okanye ngaphezulu kwiintambo zombane.
• I-AWG (i-American Wire Gauge): Kubaqhubi beegeyiji ezincinci, ubungakanani bumelwe kwi-AWG (American Wire Gauge), ukusuka24 AWG(ucingo olubhityileyo kakhulu) ukuya kuthi ga4/0 AWG(ucingo olukhulu kakhulu).

b. IiConductor zeAluminiyam:

• Indawo enqamlezileyo(mm²): Iiconductors ze-aluminiyam nazo zilinganiswa ngendawo yazo enqamlezileyo, ezinobukhulu obuqhelekileyo ukusuka1.5 mm² to 500 mm²okanye ngaphezulu.
• AWG: Iisayizi ze-aluminiyam zocingo ziqhele ukusuka10 AWG to 500 kcmil.

c. Abanye abaqhubi:

• Kubaubhedu olunkonkxiweyo or aluminiyamiingcingo ezisetyenziselwa usetyenziso olukhethekileyo (umz., elwandle, kwimizi-mveliso, njl.njl.), umgangatho wobungakanani bomqhubi ukwabonakaliswamm² or AWG.

2. IMigangatho yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoBukhulu boMqhubi

a. IMigangatho ye-IEC (iKomishoni yoMbane yeHlabathi):

• IEC 60228: Lo mgangatho uchaza ulwahlulo lwee-copper kunye ne-aluminium conductors ezisetyenziswe kwiintambo ezifakwe kwi-insulated. Ichaza ubungakanani bomqhubi ngaphakathimm².
• IEC 60287: Igubungela ukubalwa kokulinganisa kwangoku kweentambo, ngokuqwalasela ubungakanani bomqhubi kunye nohlobo lwe-insulation.

b. IMigangatho ye-NEC (iKhowudi yoMbane yeSizwe) (US):

• E-US, iI-NECixela ubungakanani bomqhubi, kunye neesayizi eziqhelekileyo ukusuka14 AWG to 1000 kcmil, ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo (umzekelo, indawo yokuhlala, yorhwebo, okanye ishishini).

c. I-JIS (iMigangatho yoShishino lwaseJapan):

• JIS C 3602: Lo mgangatho uchaza ubungakanani bomqhubi weentambo ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zezinto ezihambelanayo. Iisayizi zihlala zinikezelwa ngaphakathimm²kobhedu kunye nabaqhubi be-aluminiyam.

3. Ubungakanani be-Conductor ngokuSekwe kwiReyithingi yangoku

• Iumthamo wangoku wokuthwalaye-conductor ixhomekeke kwizinto, uhlobo lokugquma, kunye nobukhulu.
• Kubaabaqhubi bobhedu, ubungakanani buqala ukusuka0.5 mm²(kwizicelo zangoku ezisezantsi njengeingcingo zomqondiso) ukuya1000 mm²(yeentambo zothumelo lwamandla aphezulu).
• Kubaabaqhubi be-aluminium, ubungakanani ngokubanzi buqala ukusuka1.5 mm² to 1000 mm²okanye ngaphezulu kwizicelo ezinzima.

4. IMigangatho yokusetyenziswa kweeCable eziKhethekileyo

• Abaqhubi abaguquguqukayo(ezisetyenziswa kwiintambo zeendawo ezihambayo, iirobhothi zamashishini, njl.)amacandelwana amancincikodwa ziyilelwe ukuba zimelane nokuguquguquka okuphindaphindiweyo.
• Iintambo zokumelana nomlilo kunye nomsi ophantsibadla ngokulandela imigangatho ekhethekileyo yobungakanani bomqhubi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezigqithisileyo, njengayeIEC 60332.

5. Ukubalwa koBukhulu beNkokitha (iFomula eSisiseko)

Iubungakanani bomqhubikunokuqikelelwa kusetyenziswa ifomula yendawo enqamlezileyo:

Ummandla (mm²)=4π×d2

Apho:

• $dd$

  d = ububanzi bomqhubi (kwi-mm)

• Indawo= indawo enqamlezileyo yomqhubi

IsiShwankathelo soBubungakanani boMxolisi oQhelekileyo:

Indawo yeCable Cross-Section vs. Gauge, iRerating yangoku, kunye nokuSetyenziswa

Ingcaciso yeeKholam:

1. Indawo enqamlezileyo (mm²): Ummandla we-cross-section ye-conductor, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekunqumeni ukukwazi ukuthwala intambo yangoku.
2. Umlinganiselo we-AWG: Umgangatho we-American Wire Gauge (AWG) osetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iintambo, ezinamanani amakhulu abonisa iingcingo ezincinci.
3. Ukalo lwangoku (A): Ubuninzi bangoku ikhebula linokuthwala ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokushisa, ngokusekelwe kwizinto zalo kunye ne-insulation.
4. Ukusetyenziswa: Izicelo eziqhelekileyo zesayizi nganye yentambo, ebonisa apho intambo isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zamandla.

Phawula:

• IiConductor zobheduiya kuba neereyithingi eziphezulu zangoku xa kuthelekiswa neabaqhubi be-aluminiumkwindawo efanayo ye-cross-sectional ngenxa ye-copper's conductivity engcono.
• Iizinto zokugquma(umzekelo, i-PVC, i-XLPE) kunye nemiba yokusingqongileyo (umzekelo, ubushushu, iimeko ze-ambient) inokuchaphazela amandla okuthwala ikhebula ngoku.
• Le theyibhile iumqondisokunye nemigangatho ethile yendawo kunye neemeko kufuneka zisoloko zitshekishwa ubungakanani obuchanekileyo.

Ukusukela ngo-2009,I-Danyang Winpower Wire kunye neCable Mfg Co., Ltd.ibilima kwintsimi yeentambo zombane kunye ne-elektroniki phantse iminyaka eyi-15, iqokelela ubutyebi bamava oshishino kunye nokwenziwa ngokutsha kwetekhnoloji. Sigxininise ekuziseni umgangatho ophezulu, uxhulumaniso olujikelezayo kunye nezisombululo ze-wiring kwimarike, kwaye imveliso nganye iqinisekiswe ngokungqongqo yimibutho yaseYurophu kunye neMelika enegunya, efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zoxhulumaniso kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Danyang Winpower angathanda ukuhamba kunye nawe, kubomi obungcono kunye.