IiNdlela zoPhuhliso lweZithuthi zoMbane eziPhezulu zeZibonelelo zeCable: Liphi iThuba elikhulu elilandelayo?

Intshayelelo kwiiCables eziPhezulu zeVoltage kwii-EVs

Indima yeeCables eziPhezulu zoMbane kwiZithuthi zoMbane

Izithuthi zombane (EVs) azikho nje iibhetri kunye neenjini-ziinkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi apho yonke icandelo lidlala indima ekusebenzeni, ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Phakathi kwezi,iintambo zombane ophezulu (HV).zibalulekile kodwa zihlala zingahoywa. Ezi ntambo zisebenza njengemithambo yesithuthi, ukuhambisa amandla ukusuka kwibhetri ukuya kwi-inverter, ukusuka kwi-inverter ukuya kwi-motor, kunye nakwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezifuna amandla ombane aphezulu ukuze asebenze-njenge-air conditioners, izifudumezi, kunye neetshaja ezincedisayo.

Ngokungafaniyo neentambo ezine-voltage ephantsi, iintambo ze-HV kufuneka zibambe imisinga ephezulu kakhulu kunye nombane-kaninzi kuluhlu lwe400V ukuba 800V, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezityhalela ngakwicala1000V nangaphezulu. Ezi ntambo kufuneka zisebenze ngaphakathi kwendawo evaliweyo kunye ne-thermal esebenzayo ye-chassis yemoto, ukwenzaukusebenza kwezinto kunye nokuqinagxeka.

Ukuyibeka ngokulula: ngaphandle kwezinto ezinokwethenjelwa, eziphezulu, ii-EVs azikwazi ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo okanye ngokufanelekileyo. Njengoko itekhnoloji ye-EV iguquka, ngakumbi ukuya kwi-voltages ephezulu kunye nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, indima yemathiriyeli yentambo ephezulu iba sembindini ngakumbi. Kwaye kulapho kanye umtsi omkhulu olandelayo ulungele ukwenzeka.

Amanqanaba ombane kunye neeMfuno zoMbane

Ukunyuka kweemfuno zokusebenza kwii-EVs zanamhlanje zibotshelelwa ngokuthe ngqoukunyuka kombane. Ii-EV zangaphambili zasebenzisa iinkqubo ze-300-400V, kodwa iimodeli ezintsha (ingakumbi iimoto ezisebenza kakhulu njengePorsche Taycan okanye iLucid Air) zisebenzisa.800V izakhiwo. Izibonelelo ziquka:

• Amaxesha okutshaja ngokukhawuleza

• Ubunzima bekhebula obuncitshisiweyo

• Ukuphuculwa kokunikezelwa kwamandla

• Ulawulo olungcono lwe-thermal

Kodwa ngee-voltages eziphezulu ziza nezithintelo eziphezulu:

• Izinto ezinamandla zokugqumaziyafuneka ukuthintela ukophuka kwedielectric.

• Ukhuseleko oluqilima ngakumbiiyadingeka ukukhusela ngokuchasene nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI).

• Uxhathiso oluphezulu lwe-thermalKubaluleke kakhulu ukumelana nobushushu obuveliswa kukuqukuqela okuphakamileyo.

Oku kutsiba kwemfuno yombane kuqhuba imfuno engxamisekileyoizizukulwana ezitsha zezixhobo zentamboenokuphatha amandla ombane aphezulu ngaphandle kokunyusa ubungakanani, ubunzima, okanye ixabiso.

UkuBeka ikhebula kunye nemingeni yokuHambisa kwii-EVs

Ukuyila iinkqubo zeentambo zee-EVs yiphazili yendawo. Iinjineli kufuneka zijikeleze imiqobo yokupakisha ngelixa ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza. Iintambo zeHV zihlala zihamba ngeendlela:

• Ngaphantsi komzimba

• Ngokusebenzisa amacandelo ebhetri

• Kuyo yonke indawo yeenjini kunye ne-inverter

• Kufuphi nemigca yokupholisa okanye amacandelo avelisa ubushushu

Oku kudala imingeni emininzi:

• Ukugoba kunye nokugobangaphandle komonakalo okanye ilahleko yokusebenza

• Ukumelana neoyile, ukupholisa, kunye nolunye ulwelo lweemoto

• Ukuxhathisa ukungcangcazelakubomi obude bezithuthi

• Ulawulo lwe-Thermal exposure, ngakumbi kufutshane neebhetri kunye neenjini

Izinto zekhebula kufuneka zibebhetyebhetye kakhulu, uzinzile thermally, kwayeinert ngokwekhemikhaliukunyamezela le mingeni ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni unikezelo lwamandla okanye ukubeka ingozi yokhuseleko.

Izinto zemveli ezisetyenziswa kwiimoto zeenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi aziyinqumli apha. Iimfuno ze-EV-specific zifuna aindlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyoukuya kubunjineli bentambo-kwaye izinto zisembindini wolo tshintsho.

Izinto zangoku ezisetyenziswa kwi-EV High-Voltage Cables

Izixhobo zeConductor eziqhelekileyo: Ubhedu vs. Aluminiyam

I-Conductivity kunye nobunzima zizinto eziphambili xa ukhetha abaqhubi beentambo eziphezulu zombane. Izixhobo ezimbini eziphambili zezi:

1. Ubhedu:

   • Ukuqhuba okuphezulu

   • Ukuguquguquka okugqwesileyo

   • Inzima kwaye iyabiza

   • Ixhaphakile kwizicelo zentambo ezimfutshane okanye eziguquguqukayo

2. Aluminiyam:

   • I-conductivity esezantsi (~ 60% yobhedu)

   • Ikhaphukhaphu kakhulu kwaye ibiza imali eninzi

   • Ifuna ii-cross-sections ezinkulu ukuthwala umsinga ofanayo

   • Ichaphazeleka kukumhlwa ukuba ayigqunywanga kakuhle

Nangona ubhedu lusasetyenziswa ngokubanzi,ialuminiyam iyakhula-ingakumbi kwiintambo ezinde zihamba ngaphakathi kwamaqonga amakhulu e-EV okanye iilori zombane. Abenzi beemoto abaninzi ngoku bayayamkelauyilo oluxutyiweyo, usebenzisa ubhedu kwiindawo eziguquguqukayo-ezibalulekileyo kunye ne-aluminium kumacandelo amancinci anzima ukulinganisa ukusebenza kunye neendleko.

I-Insulation Materials: XLPE, PVC, Silicone, kunye ne-TPE

Izixhobo ze-insulation kulapho uninzi lwezinto ezintsha ezenzekayo. Iimfuno zicacile:ukumelana nobushushu, ukuguquguquka koomatshini, ukumelana neekhemikhali, kwayeukusilela komlilo. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• I-XLPE (iPolyethylene eQhagamshelweyo):

  • Amandla aphezulu e-dielectric

  • Uzinzo oluhle kakhulu lwe-thermal

  • Ukuba bhetyebhetye okuphakathi

  • Ayinakuphinda isetyenziswe (isixhobo se-thermoset)

• I-PVC (iPolyvinyl Chloride):

  • Ixabiso eliphantsi

  • Ukubuyiswa komlilo

  • Ukumelana kakubi kwe-thermal kunye neekhemikhali

  • Kuyayekiswa ukuba kukhethwe ezinye iindlela eziluhlaza

• Irabha yeSilicone:

  • Ubhetyebhetye kakhulu

  • Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200 ° C)

  • Kuyabiza kwaye kulula ukukrazula

• I-TPE (i-Thermoplastic Elastomers):

  • Iyarisayikilishwa

  • Ibhalansi elungileyo phakathi kokuguquguquka kunye nokuqina

  • Ukumelana nobushushu obuphakathi

  • Ukuba yimathiriyeli yokhetho kuyilo olutsha

Nganye kwezi zixhobo zineenzuzo kunye nezingalunganga, kwaye abavelisi bahlala bezidibanisaizakhiwo ezininziukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zobugcisa nezolawulo.

UkuKhusela kunye neZakhiwo zeSheath

Iintambo zombane ophezulu kwii-EVs zifuna ukukhuselwa ukunciphisa i-EMI, enokuphazamisana ne-electronics yesithuthi, izinzwa, kunye neenkqubo ze-infotainment. Ulungelelwaniso lokhuselo olusemgangathweni lubandakanya:

• Ifoyile yeAluminiyam-Mylar eneengcingo zombhobho

• Amakhaka obhedu olulukiweyo

• Iteyiphu yentsimbi esongiweyo

I-sheath yangaphandle kufuneka yomelele kwaye imelane nokukrala, iikhemikhali, kunye nokuvezwa kwendalo. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokucheba ziquka:

• TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane): Ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kwe-abrasion kunye nokuguquguquka

• Iipolyolefins ezibanga umlilo

• I-HFFR (i-Halogen-Free Flame Retardant) iikhompawundi

Njengoko iinkqubo ziguqukela phambiliulwakhiwo oludibeneyo(iintambo ezimbalwa ezinemisebenzi emininzi), uxinzelelo luphezu kokwenza ezi malekoibhityile, ikhaphukhaphu, ikrelekrele, kwaye iluhlaza.

IiMfuno eziPhambili zokuSebenza kweMathiriyeli yeCable ye-EV HV

Ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokuzinza kweThermal

Enye yezona mfuno zibaluleke kakhulu kwisixhobo sombane esine-voltage ephezulu yombane (HV) yiukumelana nobushushu obugqithisileyo. Ii-EVs zivelisa inani elikhulu lobushushu ngexesha lokusebenza-ingakumbi kwiindawo ezikufutshaneipakethe yebhetri, inverter, kunye nemoto yombane. Iintambo zeHV zihlala zihamba kwezi zowuni kwaye kufuneka zinyamezele:

• Amaqondo obushushu aqhubekayophakathi125°C kunye ne-150°C

• Amaqondo obushushu aphezulungaphezulu200°Ckwiimeko ezinomthwalo ophezulu

• Ukuhamba ngebhayisekile okushushu, obangela ukwandiswa kunye nokuncipha kwezinto ngokuhamba kwexesha

Ukuba izinto zentambo zophuka phantsi kobushushu, zinokukhokelela ku:

• Ukusilela kombane

• Iisekethe ezimfutshane

• Iingozi zomlilo

• Ubomi bekhebula obuncitshisiweyo

Kungenxa yoko le nto izinto ezifanaXLPE, abicah, kwayeiifluoropolymersziye zaziwa ngokugquma, ngelixaTPEszenziwe ukuba zinike ukuxhathisa okufanayo kwiifomathi ezibhetyebhetye ngakumbi nezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.

Izixhobo ze-cable ezizinzile nge-thermal nazo zidlala indima ekunciphiseniukugxeka-Isidingo sokwenza ubungakanani beentambo ukuba ziphendule ngelahleko yokusebenza kwiindawo ezishushu. Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezikwazi ukumelana ne-thermal, abavelisi banokugcina iintambocompact kwaye iyasebenza, ukonga indawo kunye nobunzima.

Ukuguquguquka kunye neRadi ye-Bend

Izithuthi zombane zipakishwe ngeekona ezixineneyo, iikhompatimenti ezinomaleko, kunye nemigca ye chassis egobileyo. Iintambo ze-HV kufuneka ziluke ezi ngaphandle kokubandezelekauxinzelelo lomatshini, ukuqhekeka kweentanda, okanyeukukhaba. Kulaphoukuguquguquka kwezintoiba luphawu olungaxoxisiyo.

Imingeni engundoqo yokuguquguquka ibandakanya:

• I-radii egobileyokwiindawo ezineenjini okanye kufutshane nemithombo yamavili

• Ukushukuma kunye nokungcangcazelangexesha lokusebenza kwesithuthi

• Indibano yerobhothi, efuna ukuphinda, ukugoba okuchanekileyo ngexesha lemveliso

Izixhobo zentambo eziguquguqukayo ezifanaabicahkwayeImixube ye-TPE ephezuluzikhethwa ngenxa yokuba:

• Ukumelana nokushukuma rhoqo kunye nokungcangcazela

• Musa ukuphulukana nengqibelelo yokhuselo phantsi koxinzelelo

• Yenza ukukhawuleza, iinkqubo zokuvelisa ezizenzekelayo

Olunye uyilo lwangoku luqukaiintambo eziphinda-phindayo okanye ezijikelezayo, ngokukodwa kumacandelo okutshaja okanye iinxalenye ze-plug-in hybrid vehicles. Ezi zicelo zifuna imathiriyeli engagotywanga kuphela kodwa ikwagqwesileyoinkumbulo yesimo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwe-elastic.

I-EMI Shielding kunye neMfezeko yoMqondiso

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Electromagnetic (EMI) yinkxalabo enkulu kwii-EVs. Ngamacandelo amaninzi edijithali-iinkqubo ze-ADAS, ukuxilongwa kwe-onboard, i-touchscreens, kunye ne-radar sensors-nayiphi na ingxolo yombane evela kwi-powertrain ingabangela ukungasebenzi okanye ukuthotywa kokusebenza.

Iintambo zombane ophezulu zisebenza njengeiimpondo, ekwaziyo ukukhupha okanye ukufunxa imiqondiso elahlekileyo. Ukunciphisa oku:

• Ukukhusela iileya(ezifana nefoyile ye-aluminiyam kunye nobhedu olulukiweyo) zisetyenziselwa ukusonga izikhokeli.

• Iikondaktara zokuthobazibandakanyiwe ukutshabalalisa i-EMI ngokukhuselekileyo.

• Izinto zokugqumazenzelwe ukuthintela intetho-mpikiswano phakathi kweenkqubo ezimeleneyo.

Izinto ezisetyenziswa kuzo zombiniukukhusela kunye nokugqumakufuneka unikeze:

• Amandla aphezulu e-dielectric

• Imvume ephantsi

• I-conductivity ehambelanayo kunye ne-capacitance

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiIinkqubo ze-800V +, apho iifrikhwensi eziphezulu kunye nokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwenza ukucinezelwa kwe-EMI kube nzima ngakumbi. Izinto zekhebula kufuneka zihambelane nazoumqondiso iimfuno ezicacileyo, ngakumbi njengoko ukuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo kunye neempawu zoqhagamshelo zithembela ngakumbi ekuhambeni okungaphazamisekiyo kwedatha.

UkuBamba koMbane kunye nokuThotyelwa koKhuseleko

Ukhuseleko ngundoqo woyilo lweemoto. Ngeenkqubo zombane ophezulu,ukumelana nomlilokunyanzelekile—akukhethiswa nje. Ukuba iintambo zitshisa kakhulu okanye zimfutshane, kufuneka:

• Thintela ukuvutha

• Ukulibazisa ukusasazeka kwedangatye

• Ukhupha umsi ophantsi kwaye akukho halogens enetyhefu

Izisombululo zemveli zokunqanda amadangatye zixhomekeke kuzoiikhompawundi halogenated, kodwa ezi zivelisa iigesi eziyingozi xa zitshisiwe. Namhlanje, uyilo oluphambili lwekhebula lusebenzisa:

• I-Halogen-free flame-retardant (HFFR) imathiriyeli

• I-silicone idibanisa kunye neempawu zokuzicima

• Iipolyolefins ezenziwe ngokukhethekileyo kunye ne-thermoplastics

Ezi zixhobo zihambelana nemigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko lomlilo kwiimoto, kuquka:

• UL 94 (Uvavanyo lokutshisa okuthe nkqo)

• I-FMVSS 302 (Ukutsha kweMathiriyeli yangaphakathi)

• I-ISO 6722-1 kunye ne-14572 yokhuseleko lweentambo zemoto

Kwii-EVs, imililo yentambo ayingomngcipheko nje we-hardware-ziyi-umba wokhuseleko lobomi. I-insulation ephezulu yokusebenza kunye nezixhobo ze-sheath ngoku zenziwe ukuba ziqulathe imingcipheko yomlilo naphantsi kokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-thermal kunye nombane, ngakumbi ngexesha leengozi okanye iziphene zenkqubo.

Iindlela ezisakhulayo kwi-EV High-Voltage Cable Cable Design

Izixhobo zoMncedisi eziKhala ukuSebenza ngokuSebenza kakuhle kwamandla

Ubunzima buyinto ecacileyo ekusebenzeni kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezithuthi zombane. Ukunciphisa ubunzima besithuthi kuphucula uluhlu, ukukhawuleza, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokubanzi. Ngelixa iibhetri kunye neenjini zihlala zifumana ingqalelo enkulu kulo mba,iintambo zikwanegalelo elikhulu kubunzima besithuthi-ingakumbi kwiinkqubo zombane ophezulu.

Ngokwemveli,ubheduibe ngumgangatho wemibhobho ngenxa yombane wayo ophezulu. Nangona kunjalo, kunjaloixinene kwaye inzima. Kulaphoi-aluminiyam kunye ne-alloys ye-aluminiumNgena. Ezi zezi:

• I-50% ikhaphukhaphu kunobhedu

• Ixabiso elithe kratya

• Ngoku iyafumaneka kwiifomyula eziphambili kunye ne-conductivity engcono kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-corrosion

Abenzi beemoto baya besamkela ngakumbiiintambo ze-HV ezisekelwe kwi-aluminiumixesha elide, iindlela zamandla aphezulu-ingakumbi phakathi kweepakethi zebhetri kunye nee-inverters. I-tradeoff? Iintambo ezingqindilili kancinci ziyafuneka ukuze zihambelane ne-conductivity yobhedu, kodwa iubunzima benkqubo ngokubanzi buncitshiswe kakhulu.

Umda olandelayo uquka:

• I-Hybrid copper-aluminium conductors

• I-alloys ephezuluokuphucula ukuqhuba ngaphandle kokunyuka okukhulu kweendleko okanye ubunzima

• Unyango lomphezuluezithintela ukubola kwegalvanic phakathi kwesinyithi esahlukileyo

Olu tshintsho kwizinto zomqhubi lutshintsho oluzolileyo, oluvumela uluhlu lwe-EV olungcono kunye nokuphucula amandla ngaphandle kokuncama ukhuseleko okanye ukusebenza.

I-Halogen-Free kunye ne-Recyclable Insulation Technologies

Ngemigaqo yokusingqongileyo eqiniswayo kunye nemfuno yabathengi yeemveliso eziluhlaza ezikhulayo, uxinzelelo lusekuphuhliseniI-eco-friendly cable insulation materials. Ngokwemveli, ukugquma kuxhomekeke kwi-halogenated flame retardants kunye ne-cross-linked materials ezi:

• Kunzima ukuphinda usebenziseke

• Iyingozi xa itshisiwe

• Ukurhafisa ukuveliswa kokusingqongileyo

Ngenai-halogen-free flame retardant (HFFR)iikhompawundi kunyei-thermoplastic elastomers enokuphinda isetyenziswe (recyclable thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). Ezi mathiriyeli zibonelela:

• Ukumelana nedangatye eligqwesileyo

• Umsi ophantsi, i-zero halogen emissions

• Ukurisayiklishwa kwakhona ekupheleni kobomi bemveliso

• Ukuthelekisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokusebenza kwe-thermal kwiikhompawundi zendabuko

Abaninzi abavelisi beekhebula ngoku bayadalaizakhiwo zeentambo ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, apho zonke iileya—kuquka ukugquma, ukugquma, ukugquma kwebhatyi—zinokwahlulwa zize zisetyenziswe kwakhona. Oku kunciphisa:

• Inkunkuma yetiphu

• Ukukhutshwa kwe-CO₂ ehambelana nokulahlwa kwentambo

• Ukuvezwa okuyingozi ngexesha lokudilizwa kwesithuthi okanye kwiingozi

Lo mkhwa ukwanceda abenzi beemotoukuthobela imiyalelo ye-EU ELV (Isithuthi sokuphela koBomi)., egunyazisa ukuba i-95% yezinto zesithuthi kufuneka ziphinde zisetyenziswe okanye ziphinde zisetyenziswe.

I-Miniaturization kunye ne-High-Density Cable Solutions

Njengoko amaqonga e-EV eguquka, kukho ukutyhala okukhulu ukunciphisa unyawo lwentambo. Iinjongo zezi:

• Khulula indawokwezinye iinkqubo zezithuthi

• Ukunciphisa ukuqokelela kwe-thermalkwiibhandle zentambo

• Ubunzima obuphantsi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwempahla

Iinjineli zekhebula ngoku zigxileminiaturizing iintambo zombane ophezulungaphandle kokuncama ubungakanani bombane okanye ukhuseleko. Oku kuquka:

• Ukusebenzisa izinto eziphezulu ze-dielectricukuvumela umaleko obhityileyo wokugquma

• Ukudibanisa amandla kunye nemigca yomqondisokwiindibano zeemodyuli ezihlangeneyo

• Ukuphuhlisa iintambo ezisicaba okanye ezimile okweqandaezithatha indawo ethe nkqo encinci

Iintambo ze-Miniaturized zikwalula ukuphatha ngexesha lokwenziwa kwerobhothi, ezivumela ukusebenza kakuhleindlela ezenzekelayo kunye noncamathiselo, okunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kwendibano.

Uyilo lwentambo yoxinaniso oluphezulu lubalulekile kwezi:

• Izithuthi ezixinene ngebhetri

• Ii-eVTOL (inqwelo-moya yokuhla yombane emi nkqo kunye nokumisa)

• Ii-EVs zokuSebenza kunye nee-EVs zedolophu ezixineneyo, apho indawo iphezulu

Le yindawo eshushu yokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha, enamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza kunye nemathiriyeli yeprototype evela rhoqo.

Ukudityaniswa kunye neeNkqubo zoLawulo lweMoto yeMoto

Ii-EVs zivelisa ubushushu obuninzi-kunye nokulawula ubushushu akubalulekanga nje ekusebenzeni, kodwaukhuseleko kunye nokuphila ixesha elide. Iintambo zombane ophezulu ngokwazo ngoku ziyadityaniswa kunye nesithuthiinkqubo yokulawula thermalukugcina amaqondo obushushu asebenzayo.

Izisombululo ezivelayo ziquka:

• Izaleko zokufakelwa kwe-thermal conductiveezichitha ubushushu ngokufanelekileyo

• Iintambo zentambo ezipholiswe ngolweloihanjiswa ecaleni kweepakethi zebhetri

• Izinto zokutshintsha isigabaifakwe kwi-cable sheathing ukufunxa i-thermal spikes

• Uyilo lwebhatyi ekhupha ubushushungemiphezulu evulelekileyo okanye eneembambo

Olu hlobo lokudibanisa luyimfunekoIimeko zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, apho amanqanaba angoku enyuka ngokumangalisayo kwaye avelise ukufudumala ngokukhawuleza kwiintambo.

Ngokunceda ukulawula obu bushushu ngokuthe ngqo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zentambo, abenzi be-EV banako:

• Kuphephe ukufudumeza inkqubo

• Yandisa intambo kunye nobomi bomnxibelelanisi

• Ukuphucula ukusebenza kokutshaja kunye nokhuseleko

Oku kudityaniswa kobunjineli bombane kunye ne-thermal yenye yezona zinto zinomdla-kwaye ziyimfuneko-uphuhliso kwiteknoloji yekhebula ye-EVs elandelayo.

Izinto ezintsha zobuChwephesha ezibumba iKamva

I-Nanomaterial-Enhance Conductors and Insulators

I-Nanotechnology iguqula isayensi yemathiriyeli kuwo wonke amashishini, kwaye iintambo ze-EV eziphezulu zombane nazo ziyahluka. Ngokudibanisai-nanomaterialskwii-conductor kunye ne-insulation layers, abavelisi bavula amanqanaba amatsha okusebenza.

Kwii-conductor, i-nanomaterials efanaigraphenekwayecarbon nanotubesziphononongwa:

• I-conductivity ephuculweyoenobunzima obulula

• Ukuba bhetyebhetye ngconongaphandle kokubeka esichengeni imfezeko yesakhiwo

• Iipropati eziphuculweyo ze-thermal kunye ne-electromagnetic

Ezi zongezo zinokukhokelela ekugqibeleniabaqhubi abanentsebenzo elingana okanye engcono kunobhedu, kodwa ngeqhekeza lobunzima-isisombululo esifanelekileyo se-energy-effective, high-performance EVs.

Kwi-insulation, ii-nanofillers ezifana ne:

• Nano-silica

• Aluminiyam oxide nanoparticles

• I-nanocomposites esekwe ngodongwe

zongezwa kwiipolymers:

• Yandisa amandla e-dielectric

• Ukwandisa ukuchasana nokukhupha inxalenye kunye nokulandelela

• Ukuphucula i-thermal conductivityukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu

Ezi zixhobo eziphuculweyo ze-nano nazo zinakoukunciphisa ubukhulu be-insulation, inika amandlaiintambo ezincinci, ezikhaphukhaphukunye nokunyamezela kwamandla aphezulu-imfuno ebalulekileyo kwi-800V + EV izakhiwo.

Ngelixa sisekwinqanaba eliphambili lophuhliso, kulindeleke ukuba itekhnoloji yentambo ephuculweyo ye-nanomaterialukuthengisa kwisithuba seminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 ezayo, ukuqhuba amaza okusebenza kwentambo ye-gen-gen elandelayo.

Iintambo ze-Smart ezinezivamvo eziThunyelelweyo

Iinkqubo ze-EV zisiya kuqhagamshelo olupheleleyo kunye nokujongwa kwexesha lokwenyani-kungekhona nje kujongano lwabasebenzisi, kodwa nzulu ngaphakathi kwiziseko zabo.Iintambo ze-Smart high-voltagengoku ziphuhliswa ngeabenzi boluvo ezizinzisiweyoenokubeka iliso:

• Ubushushu

• I-voltage kunye nomthwalo wangoku

• Uxinzelelo lomatshini kunye nokunxiba

• Ukufuma okanye ukwaphulwa kwe-insulation

Ezi ntambo zisebenza njengeizixhobo zokuxilonga, ukunceda:

• Ukuqikelela ukusilela ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke

• Lungiselela ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kwisithuthi sonke

• Ukuthintela ukushisa kunye nomonakalo wombane

• Yandisa ubomi beenkqubo zamandla ephela

Olu tshintsho luxhasa intshukumo ebanzi ukuyaukugcinwa kwangaphambilikwayeiinkqubo zokujonga impilo yemoto-Kubalulekile kulawulo lwezithuthi, ukhuseleko lokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo, kunye nokwenza iwaranti.

Ukudityaniswa koluvo nako kunxulumanaIinkqubo zokuxilonga ezingaphakathi (OBD)kwayeiiplatifti zolawulo lwe-EV esekwe kwilifu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inxalenye nganye yesithuthi, kwaneentambo, zinokuba yinxalenye yobuchopho besithuthi.

IiTeknikhi zokuHlanganisa zokuSebenza ngokuSebenza koMaleko

Ngokwesiko, iintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage zenziwa ngokukhupha ngokwahlukileyo umaleko ngamnye-i-conductor, i-insulation, i-shielding, i-sheathing-ihlala ifuna amanyathelo amaninzi kunye nokudibanisa ngesandla. Oku kufuna umsebenzi onzima, kuthatha ixesha, kwaye kulula ukungahambi kakuhle.

Co-extrusioniyatshintsha loo nto. Kule nkqubo, iileya ezininzi zekhebula zikhutshiwengaxeshanye, ukudibanisa kunye kwi-aingenamthungo, isakhiwo esifanayo.

Izinto ezilungileyo ze-co-extrusion ziquka:

• Uphuculo lokuncamathelisa umaleko, ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-delamination okanye ukungena kwamanzi

• Izantya zemveliso ezikhawulezayo

• Amaxabiso asezantsi enkunkuma

• Uyilo lwekhebula oludityanisiweyo nolufanayo

Iinkqubo eziphuculweyo ze-co-extrusion zingabandakanyaImigangatho emithathu, emine okanye emihlanukwipasi enye yokuvelisa, ukudibanisa:

• Ukugqunywa kwe-conductor

• EMI ukukhusela

• Iileya ze-Thermally conductive

• Izingxobo zangaphandle ezikhuselayo

Le mpumelelo yemveliso inceda ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yeimveliso eninzi yeentambo ze-EVngaphandle kokunciphisa umgangatho okanye ukuguquguquka koyilo.

Izinto ezintsha kuMandla eDielectric kunye neVoltage Withstanding

Njengoko ii-EVs zityhalela phambiliIinkqubo zamandla ombane aphezulu kakhulu-800V, 1000V, nangaphezulu-izinto zokufakelwa kwendabuko ziqala ukubetha imida yazo yokusebenza. Kwezi volthi, i-insulation kufuneka imelane:

• Amabala ombane aphezulu

• Ukukhutshwa kweCorona

• Ukulandelela kunye ne-arcing kwiindawo ezixineneyo

Yiyo loo nto amaqela e-R&D ephuhlaizixhobo zedielectric ezizayoezidibanisa:

• Amazinga aphezulu ombane wokuqhekeka

• Ukuguga okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokufuma

• Iileya ezibhityileyo zokusebenzela indawo engcono

Ezinye itekhnoloji ezithembisayo ziquka:

• Iipolima ezixutywe nge-siliconengamandla ombane akhethekileyo

• I-Fluoropolymer-laminated insulationskwimichiza enzima kunye neendawo zobushushu

• Iinanocomposites zeThermoplasticukuqinisa i-dielectric

Olu tshintsho alunyusi imida yokhuseleko kuphela kodwa lukwanika amandlaiiprofayili zentambo ezincinci kunye nekhaphukhaphu, ezinokuthi zibaluleke kakhulu kuyilo lwesithuthi, ngakumbi kwii-compact EVs okanye iinqwelomoya zombane.

Kwiminyaka ezayo,imathiriyeli yokugquma esemgangathweni efana ne-XLPE inokutshintshwa ngokuthe chukwii-EVs zokusebenza ngolu qulunqo oluphezulu.

ImiGangatho yoLawulo kunye neziKhokelo zoShishino

ISO, IEC, SAE, kunye neGB Standards Overview

Isithuthi sombane izixhobo ze-cable high-voltage zixhomekeke kuluhlu olubanzi lwemigangatho yehlabathi, eqinisekisayoukhuseleko, ukusebenza, kwayeukusebenzisanakubo bonke abavelisi kunye neemarike. Izigqeba zolawulo eziphambili ziquka:

• I-ISO (uMbutho weZizwe ngezizwe wokuMiselwa koMgangatho):

  • ISO 6722-1: Ichaza iintambo ezingundoqo zosetyenziso lwe-60V–600V kwizithuthi zendlela.

  • ISO 19642 series: Ibandakanya ngokukodwa iintambo zezithuthi zendlela ezisetyenziswa kwi-60VDC kunye ne-600VDC izicelo (kubandakanywa nee-HV EVs), kubandakanywa iimfuno zokusingqongileyo, zombane kunye nezoomatshini.

• I-IEC (iKomishoni yezoMbane yeHlabathi):

  • IEC 60245kwayeIEC 60332: Inxulumene neentambo zerubha ezigqunyiweyo kunye nokubuyiswa komlilo.

  • IEC 61984: Iziqhagamshelo kunye nojongano olufanelekileyo kwiinkqubo zekhebula kwiinkqubo ze-EV.

• I-SAE (uMbutho weeNjineli zeeMoto):

  • SAE J1654: Iimfuno zokusebenza kwiintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage kwizicelo zeemoto.

  • SAE J2844kwayeJ2990: Imigangatho kwizikhokelo zokhuseleko ze-EV kunye nokuphatha amacandelo aphezulu-voltage.

• I-GB/T (iMigangatho yeSizwe yaseTshayina):

  • I-GB/T 25085, 25087, 25088: Chaza imigangatho yocingo lombane kunye nokusebenza kwentambo kwiisethingi zeemoto kwiimarike zaseTshayina.

  • Imigangatho ye-GB/T ihlala ihambelana nemigaqo yamazwe ngamazwe kodwa ibonakalisa iimeko zovavanyo lwasekuhlaleni kunye nemigaqo yokhuseleko.

Kuba nawuphi na umenzi ongena kwimarike entsha okanye ubambiswano lwe-OEM,ukuthobela isiqinisekisoayikhethi. Iqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni kwaye ixhasa i-scalability yehlabathi kumaqonga ezithuthi.

Ukuvavanyelwa ukuguga kobushushu, ukunyamezela kweVolthage, kunye noKhuseleko

Uvavanyo olubanzi luyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka kwezixhobo zentambo zeHV kwii-EVs. Ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, iimeko ezigqithisileyo, kunye neengozi ezinokubakho. Iindidi zovavanyo olungundoqo ziquka:

• Iimvavanyo zokuguga kweThermal:

  • Vavanya ukuba zisebenza njani imathiriyeli emva kokuba sesichengeni sobushushu ixesha elide (umzekelo, i-125°C kwiiyure ezingama-3,000+).

  • Qinisekisa ukuba i-insulation kunye neebhatyi aziqhekeki, azikhubeki, okanye ziphulukene namandla omatshini.

• Ukuqhekeka kweDielectric kunye noVavanyo lwe-Insulation Resistance:

  • Ukulinganisa ukukwazi kwentambo ukuxhathisa ukophuka kombane kumbane ophezulu.

  • Amandla ombane ovavanyo oluqhelekileyo aqala kwi-1,000V ukuya kwi-5,000V, kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo.

• Iimvavanyo zokusasaza idangatye:

  • Uvavanyo lomlilo oluthe nkqo(IEC 60332-1) kunyeUL 94zixhaphakile.

  • Iimathiriyeli akufunekanga zibe negalelo ekusasazekeni komlilo okanye zikhuphe umsi onetyhefu oshinyeneyo.

• Ukuguquguquka okubandayo kunye novavanyo lwe-Abrasion:

  • Vavanya ukuqina kwekhebula kwiimeko zasebusika kwaye ngexesha lokungcangcazela-okunzima.

• UVavanyo lweMichiza yoKuchasa:

  • Ilinganisa ukuvezwa kwi-brake fluid, i-oyile ye-injini, iasidi yebhetri, kunye neearhente zokucoca.

• Isitshizi saManzi kunye noVavanyo lwe-Condensation:

  • Ibalulekile kwiintambo ezihanjiswa ngaphantsi okanye kufutshane neenkqubo zeHVAC.

Iziphumo zigqiba ukuba imathiriyeli ivunyiwe ukuba isetyenziswe kuyoii-EVs zomkhweli eziqhelekileyo, iilori zorhwebo, okanye iindawo ezinomsebenzi ogqithisileyonjenge-off-road kunye nee-EVs zamashishini.

Ukuthotyelwa kokusiNgqongileyo: RoHS, REACH, ELV

Imimiselo yokusingqongileyo ibaluleke ngokulinganayo xa ukhetha kwaye uqinisekisa izinto zekhebula. Ezi ziqinisekisa ukubaisithuthi siphela-ukuhla ukuya kwiintambo zayo-ayiyoyityhefu, inokuphinda isetyenziswe, kwaye i-eco-friendly.

• I-RoHS (Uthintelo lwezinto ezinobungozi):

  • Ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa izinto ezifana nelothe, i-cadmium, i-mercury, kunye nezinye iiretardants ezithile zomlilo kwiintambo zemoto.

  • Zonke izixhobo ze-EV cable kufuneka zihambelane ne-RoHS ukuze zisasazwe kwihlabathi jikelele.

• I-REACH (uBhaliso, uVavanyo, uGunyaziso, kunye noThintelo lweMichiza):

  • Ilawula ukhuseleko lweekhemikhali eYurophu.

  • Ifuna ukungafihli ngokupheleleyo kuyo nayiphi naIzinto ezixhalabisa kakhulu (SVHC)isetyenziswe kwiikhompawundi zentambo.

• I-ELV (Umkhombandlela wesithuthi sokuphela koBomi):

  • Ugunyazisa okoubuncinane 95% yesithuthikufuneka isetyenziswe ngokutsha okanye iphinde isetyenziswe.

  • Uqhuba uphuhliso lwemathiriyeli yentambo enokuphinda isetyenziswe kunye ne-non-halogenated.

Ukudibana nale mimiselo ayikho nje malungaukuthotyelwa komthetho. Iyakhaukuthembeka kwebrendi, kunciphisaumngcipheko wekhonkco lonikezelo, kwaye iqinisekisaukuzinza kokusingqongileyokuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi be-EV.

Abaqhubi beMarike ngasemva kweHV Cable Material Innovation

I-EV Ibhetri yeTekhnoloji yokuPhucula

Njengoko iibhetri ze-EV ziguquka-ziba yi-denser, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye ne-voltage ephezulu-izixhobo zekhebula ezixhasayo kufuneka ziguquke ngokufanayo.

Iziphumo eziphambili zemathiriyeli yentambo ziquka:

• Ukuhamba kwangoku okuphezulu, efuna ii-conductors ezityebileyo okanye ukugquma okungaphezulu kwe-thermal resistant

• I-voltage spikesngexesha lokuvuselela i-braking kunye nokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, kufuna amandla angcono e-dielectric

• Uyilo oluthe kratya lwebhetri, ukudala imiqobo yendawo yokuhambisa intambo

Iinkqubo zeentambo kufuneka ngokugcina isantya kunye neenkqubo zebhetringokunikela:

• Enkuluulawulo lobushushu

• Phezuluukuba bhetyebhetye

• Ngconoukusebenza kombane phantsi koxinzelelo

Abavelisi baphuhlisa iileya zokugquma ezintshaisibuko sokuzinza kwe-thermal kunye neekhemikhali zeemodyuli zebhetri zamva nje, eyenza indibaniselwano engenamthungo kunye nokulungelelaniswa komsebenzi.

Tyhiliza ukuTshaja okuKhawulezayo kunye neeVoltji eziPhezulu

Abathengi be-EV balindele ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza-ngokufanelekileyo i-80% kwimizuzu ye-15 okanye ngaphantsi. Ukuhlangabezana nolu lindelo, iinkqubo ze-EV zitshintshelaiziseko zokutshaja ngokukhawulezausebenzisa800V + izakhiwo.

Kodwa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kuthetha:

• Ubushushu obuninzieveliswa kwiintambo ngexesha lokudluliselwa kwamandla

• Incopho ephezulu yangoku, ukugxininisa zombini ii-conductor kunye ne-insulation

• Iingozi ezinkulu zokhuseleko, ngakumbi ngexesha lokuvezwa kwendalo

Ukujongana noku, imathiriyeli yentambo yenziwa ngobunjineli obu:

• I-thermal conductivity engcono

• Izicwangciso zokuphelisa ubushushu obucwangcisiweyo

• I-flame-retardant, i-high-durability insulation echasene nokuhamba ngebhayisikile ye-thermal

Olu lutsha luqinisekisa ukuba iintambo azibiimiqobo kwi-ecosystem yokutshaja ngesantya esiphezulu-zombini kwizithuthi nakwizikhululo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ze-DC.

UkuNcitshiswa koMzimba kuluhlu olongezelelweyo

Yonke ikhilogram egcinwe kwi-EV iguqulela kuuluhlu olungaphezulu okanye ukusebenza kakuhle. Iintambo zifaka isandla kakhulu ekunciphiseni ubunzima-ingakumbi kwiindlela ezinde, ezinamandla amakhulu ezifana:

• Ibhetri-to-inverter uqhagamshelwano

• Iinkqubo zongeniso zokutshaja

• Intambo yokutsala imoto

Le mfuno ibangele ukutshintshela ku:

• Abaqhubi beAluminiyam

• Ukugquma amagwebu okanye okudityanisiweyo

• Iiprofayili zentambo ezincinci ezinamandla aphezulu e-dielectric

Inqaku? UkuhambisaAmandla aphezulu anemathiriyeli encinci, ukuxhasa abenzi beemoto ekufuneni kwabo uluhlu olulinganayo kunye nezithuthi ezivuthayo.

IiMfuno ze-OEM zokuZinzisa kunye nokuSebenza kweendleko

Abavelisi bezixhobo zoqobo (ii-OEMs) baqhuba imiba engqongqo kuzo zombiniukusebenza kunye nexabiso. Bafuna iintambo ezithi:

• Okokugqibelaubuncinane 15-20 iminyakaphantsi kweemeko zemoto ezinzima

• Funaukugcinwa okuncinci okanye ukutshintshwa

• Inkxasoimveliso ezenzekelayo kunye nemigca yokuhlanganisa

• Nciphisa iindleko zemathiriyeli zizonkengaphandle kokuncama umgangatho

Oku kuye kwatyhalela phambili ababoneleli ngeentambouyilo lwemodyuli, Ukuxilonga smart, kwayeamandla okuvelisa ngobuninzi-konke kusekelwe kubunjineli bezinto eziphambili.

Ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno akunyanzelekanga—kuyintoindlela ababoneleli abaphumelela ngayo izivumelwanokwaye uhlale ukhuphisana kwimarike ye-EV.

Imingeni kuPhuhliso lwezinto eziphathekayo kunye neMveliso yoMninzi

Iindleko zokulinganisa, ukuSebenza, kunye noZinzo

Ukuphuhlisa izixhobo zentambo ezisebenza kakhulu kwizithuthi zombane sisenzo esibuthathaka sokulinganisa. Iinjineli kunye nabavelisi banikwe umsebenzi wokudibanisai-thermal, mechanical, kunye nokusebenza kombanekunyeifuthe eliphantsi lokusingqongileyokwayeukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Ingxaki? Nganye kwezi zinto ziphambili zinokungqubana.

Umzekelo:

• Izinto zobushushu obuphezulunjengeefluoropolymers zisebenza kakuhle kodwa zibiza imali eninzi kwaye kunzima ukuzirisayikilisha.

• I-thermoplastics enokuphinda isetyenziswezibonelela ngezibonelelo ezizinzileyo kodwa zinokunqongophala ngokwaneleyo ukumelana nobushushu okanye amandla e-dielectric.

• Izinto ezilulaukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kodwa kaninzi kufuna iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zokuvelisa.

Ukufumana ibhalansi elungileyo, abavelisi kufuneka:

• Lungiselela imixube yezintousebenzisa iipolymers ezixutyiweyo okanye i-insulation layered

• Nciphisa inkunkuma kunye nenkcithongexesha le-extrusion kunye nokwakhiwa kwentambo

• Phuhlisa umgangatho, uyilo lwentambo ezikhawulezayoezilungele amaqonga e-EV amaninzi

Utyalo-mali lwe-R&D lubalulekile, kodwa kunjalointsebenziswano ebanziphakathi kwezazinzulu zezinto, iinjineli zemveliso, kunye neengcali zolawulo. Iinkampani eziphumeleleyo ziya kuba zezoukusungula izinto ezintsha ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukusebenza okanye ukulawulwa kweendleko.

UBonelelo lweChain Complexity kwiiPolymers eziPhezulu

Iipolymers ezisebenza kakhulu ezisetyenziswa kwi-EV high-voltage cables-ezifana ne-TPEs, HFFRs, kunye ne-fluoropolymers-ngokuqhelekileyo zixhomekeke kwi:

• Ababoneleli beekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo

• Ukwenziwa kobunini

• Isiqinisekiso esinzima kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha

Oku kuyazisaubuthathaka kwikhonkco lonikezelo, ngakumbi kwihlabathi elichatshazelwa ngakumbi yile:

• Ukunqongophala kwezinto eziphathekayo

• Uxinzelelo lwezorhwebo lwezelizwe

• Izithintelo zeCarbon footprint

Ukunciphisa oku, abavelisi beentambo bahlola:

• Ukufunwa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kwindawo yendawo

• Izixhobo zokudibanisa ngaphakathi kwendlu kunye ne-extrusion

• Izixhobo ezinokufumaneka ngakumbi kwihlabathi jikelele

Ii-OEMs, nazo, zifuna ukucaca kwekhonkco lokubonelela kunye nokutyhalela ababoneleli ukubaezahlukeneyo izinto onokukhetha kuzongaphandle kokuncama ukusebenza okanye ukuthotyelwa. Olu tshintsho ludala amathuba okubaezincinci, ababoneleli bezixhobo zengingqingubani onokunika amandla kunye nokomelela.

Ukudityaniswa kwiiNdlela zokuSebenza eziziSebenzisayo

Njengoko imveliso ye-EV ifikelela kwizigidi zeeyunithi ngonyaka, i-automation ayisenanto yokuzikhethela-yiyimfuneko. Nangona kunjalo,ukufakela intambo kuhlala yenye yezona ndawo zisebenza nzimayokudibanisa isithuthi.

Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba:

• Iintambo ze-HV kufuneka zihanjiswe kwiindawo eziqinileyo, eziguquguqukayo ze-chassis

• Ukuguquguquka kwabo kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye nobukhulu bomqhubi

• Ukuphatha ngesandla kudla ngokufuneka ukukhusela umonakalo

Ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kufuneka ke ngoko kuxhase:

• Ukuphathwa kweRobhothi kunye nokugoba

• Ukuziphatha okuguquguqukayo kunye nokungazinzi

• Umdibaniso wokudibanisa osemgangathweni

• Iikhithi zentambo ezenziwe ngaphambili okanye ezilungiselelwe kwangaphambili

Abavelisi bayaphuhlaifom-stable cable sheathing materialsezigcina imilo emva kokugoba, ngokunjaloiibhatyi eziphantsiezityibilika ngokulula kwizikhokhelo zentambo kunye neekliphu zangaphantsi.

Abo baphumelele ukudibanisa izixhobo kunyeiinkqubo zokuhlanganisa ezizenzekelayoiya kufumana inzuzo eqinisekileyo kwiindleko, isantya, kunye nokulinganisa.

IiNdawo zoMmandla kunye neeNdawo zokuTsha ezintsha

Ubunkokeli baseTshayina kwi-EV Material Innovation

I-China yiyoImarike enkulu ye-EV emhlabeni, kwaye ikhokela intlawulo kuphuhliso lwemathiriyeli yentambo enevoltage ephezulu. Abavelisi bentambo baseTshayina kunye nababoneleli bezinto eziphathekayo bayazuza koku:

• Ukusondela kwii-OEM ezinkulu ze-EVnjenge BYD, NIO, XPeng, kunye neGeely

• Iinkuthazo zikarhulumente zokufumana imathiriyeli yasekhaya

• Utyalo-mali olukhulu kwizinto ezihlaziyekayo nezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe

Iilebhu zeR&D zaseTshayina zityhala imida:

• I-Aluminiyam conductor extrusion

• I-Nano-ephuculweyo yezixhobo ze-flame-retardant

• Iinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo zentambo zombane zombane

I-China ikwangumthengisi ophambili weIinkqubo zentambo ze-HV ezihambelana ne-GB, ibonelela ngakumbi iAsia, iAfrika, neMpuma Yurophu ngezisombululo ezineendleko eziphantsi, ezikumgangatho ophakathi.

UkuGqalisela kweYurophu kuZinzo kunye nokuRisayikilishwa

Amaziko okuvelisa aseYurophu anjengeJamani, iFransi neNetherlands ayagxininisauyilo lwezoqoqosho olujikelezayo. Imimiselo ye-EU efanaFIKELELAkwayeELVzingqongqo kuneminye imimandla emininzi, zityhalela ababoneleli ngakwicala:

• Ubuthi obuphantsi, imathiriyeli yentambo enokuphinda isetyenziswe

• Iinkqubo zokugquma i-Thermoplastic kunye ne-closed-loop recycling

• Ukuveliswa kohlaza okunikwa amandla ngamandla ahlaziyekayo

Ukongeza, iiprojekthi ze-EU ezifanaI-Horizon yaseYurophuingxowa-mali yentsebenziswano ye-R&D phakathi kwabavelisi bentambo, abenzi beemoto, kunye nabaphandi bepolymer. Uninzi lwezi nzame zijolise ekuphuhliseniumgangatho, iimodyuli zoyilo lwentambookunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ngelixa ukhulisa ukusebenza.

UTyalo-mali lwase-US kwi-Next-Gen Cable Startups

Ngelixa imakethi ye-US EV isakhula, kukho umfutho oqinileyo ngasemvaisizukulwana esilandelayo izinto ezintsha, ngakumbi ukusuka ekuqaleni kunye neyunivesithi. Iindawo ekugxilwe kuzo ziquka:

• Iikondakta ezisekelwe kwigraphene

• Ukuzigquma ukuziphilisa

• I-Smart cable ecosystems ezidityaniswe namaqonga elifu

Amazwe anje ngeCalifornia neMichigan asele eyindawo eshushuInkxaso-mali yeziseko ezingundoqo ze-EV, ukunceda ababoneleli bendawo baphuhlise izisombululo zentambo zeHV ezintsha zeTesla, Rivian, Lucid Motors, kunye nezinye iimveliso zasekhaya.

I-US iphinda igxininiseiteknoloji ye-crossover yezinga lomkhosi kunye ne-aerospace, ngokukodwa kwi-insulation ephezulu yokusebenza kunye noyilo olulula-ukwenza kube yinkokeliiinkqubo zentambo ezisebenza ngokugqithisileyokwii-EVs eziphezulu okanye ezinzima.

Intsebenziswano kwi-Asia-Pacific Supply Chains

Ngaphaya kweTshayina, amazwe afanaEMzantsi Korea, eJapan, naseTaiwanzivela njenge hubs ezintsha zeiipolima ezikhethekileyo kunye nemathiriyeli yodidi lwe-elektroniki. Iinkampani ezinkulu zeekhemikhali ezifana ne-LG Chem, iSumitomo, kunye neMitsui zezi:

• UkuphuhlisaUkwahluka kwe-TPE kunye ne-XLPEezineempawu eziphezulu

• Ukubonelelaizinto eziphantsi kwe-dielectric kunye ne-EMI-blockingkubavelisi beentambo zehlabathi

• Ukusebenzisana neeOEM zehlabathi jikeleleiinkqubo co-branded cable

Icandelo leemoto laseJapan liyaqhubeka nokubeka phambiliicwecwe, izisombululo zentambo ezinobunjineli kakhulu, ngelixa iKorea igxininisekileimveliso enkulu scalabilityukwamkelwa kwe-EV eqhelekileyo.

Le ntsebenziswano yengingqi kwi-Asia-Pacific inamandlaikhonkco lonikezelo lwehlabathikunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ukusungulwa kwentambo yeHV kuhlala zombiniubuchwepheshe obuphezulu kunye nomthamo ophezulu.

Amathuba oBuchule kunye neNdawo eziHotspots zoTyalo-mali

I-R&D kwi-Next-Gen Polymeric Compounds

Ikamva lezinto ze-cable ze-high-voltage zilele kwiuphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweepolymers eziphambiliilungiselelwe iimeko ezingqongileyo zemoto. Utyalo-mali kwi-R&D ngoku lugxile ekudaleni:

• Izinto ezininzi ezisebenzayoezidibanisa ukumelana nobushushu, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokunqanda umlilo

• Iipolymers ezisekelwe kwi-Bioezizinzileyo nezinokurisayikilishwa

• Iipholima ezihlakaniphileezisabela kubushushu okanye utshintsho lombane ngokuziphatha okuzilawulayo

Iindawo ezinomdla wokusungula ziquka:

• Ukuqaliswa kwezinto eziphathekayongokukodwa kwi-thermoplastics eluhlaza

• I-consortia ekhokelwa yiYunivesithiukusebenza kwizixhasi ze-nanocomposite

• Iilebhu zenkampaniukutyala imali kwimixube yepolymer yobunini

Ezi khompawundi azikho ngcono nje kokusingqongileyo-zikwanciphisaiindleko zizonke zokwenza intambongokulungelelanisa iileya kunye nokwenza lula imveliso. Abatyali-mali abafuna amathuba okukhula okuphezulu bafumana umhlaba ochumileyo kule ndawo yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, ngakumbi njengoko ii-OEM zehlabathi zizibophelele kutshintsho lwexesha elide lwe-EV.

Ukwenziwa kwendawo yeMveliso ye-Conductor Lightweight

Ukunciphisa ubunzima buhlala bungenye yezona zinto zinamandla kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-EV-kunyeukuveliswa kwe-conductor elulayindawo esakhulayo yotyalo-mali lwasekhaya. Okwangoku, uninzi lwe-aluminiyam yodidi oluphezulu lwehlabathi kunye ne-extrusion yobhedu ekhethekileyo ibekwe embindini kwiingingqi ezimbalwa. Ukubeka esi sikhundla kuyabonelela:

• Ukomelela kwekhonkco lonikezelo

• Ukujika ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso

• Iindleko zokuhamba eziphantsi kunye nekhabhoni

Kumazwe afana neIndiya, iVietnam, iBrazil, noMzantsi Afrika, izityalo ezitsha zakhiwa ukuze:

• Ukuvelisa iintonga ze-aluminiyam kunye neengcingo

• Yenza imicu yobhedu ecocekileyo

• Sebenzisa imigangatho yasekhaya efana ne-BIS, i-NBR, okanye i-SABS kusetyenziso lwe-EV yengingqi

Lo mkhwa wendawo unomtsalane ngakumbi kwii-OEM ezijonge ukuthobelaimimiselo yomxholo wasekhayangelixa benyusa iimetriki zabo zozinzo.

Izicelo ze-Niche: ii-eVTOL, ii-EVs ezinzima, kunye nee-Hypercars

Ngelixa uninzi lwengqwalasela ikwi-EVs eziqhelekileyo, eyona nto iphambili yokuqamba izinto ezintsha iyenzekaniche kunye namacandelo avelayo, apho ukusebenza kwezinto zekhebula kutyhalwa ngokugqithiseleyo.

• Ii-eVTOL (Inqwelo-moya eMithe nkqo yoMbane)zifuna i-ultra-light, i-ultra-flexible cables kunye ne-aviation-grade insulation ekwazi ukumelana nokutshintsha kwe-thermal ngokukhawuleza kunye nokungcangcazela komatshini.

• Ii-EVs ezinobunzima, kubandakanywa iibhasi kunye neelori, imfunoiintambo eziphezulu zangokuezineeshethi zangaphandle ezomeleleyo ezimelana nokuxhatshazwa koomatshini kwaye zinika ukuqina okwandisiweyo.

• Ii-Hypercars kunye nee-EVs zokusebenzanjengabo bavela kwiLotus, iRimac, okanye ukusetyenziswa kweTesla's RoadsterIinkqubo ze-800V +kwaye zifuna iintambo ezinokuxhasa ukutshajiswa ngokukhawuleza, ukunyanzeliswa kwesiqhoboshi, kunye nokupholisa okuphezulu.

La macandelo abonelela:

• Imida ephezuluukwenzela izinto ezintsha

• Amaqonga okwamkelwa kwangethubakwiitekhnoloji ezingekasebenzi ngokomlinganiselo omkhulu

• Amathuba awodwa e-co-brandingkubaboneleli abasaphula umhlaba omtsha

Kwiinkampani eziphathekayo kunye nabavelisi beentambo, le yindawo ephambili yokuvavanya kunye nokucokisaiinkqubo cable premiumphambi kokukhutshwa okubanzi.

Ukufakela ngokutsha kunye nokuphucula iiFlethi ze-EV ezikhoyo

Elinye ithuba elingahoywanga liukulungiswa ngokutsha kunye nokuphucula imarike. Njengee-EVs zesizukulwana sokuqala, zibonakalisa:

• Kufunekaendaweni yeHV cabling eyonakeleyo

• Amathuba okubaukuphucula iinkqubo zombane ophezulu okanye ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza

• Iimfuno zolawulo zeukhuseleko lomlilo okanye uhlaziyo lokuthotyelwa kokuphumayo

Abavelisi bekhebula bayanikezelaiimodyuli, iikhithi zokutshintshaungangena ku:

• Iiflethi eziqhutywa ngoorhulumente kunye neefemu zolungiselelo

• Iivenkile zokulungisa eziqinisekisiweyo kunye nothungelwano lwenkonzo

• Iifemu zokutshintsha iibhetri kunye nemisebenzi yokunyusa ibhayisekile

Le ntengiso inomtsalane ngakumbi kwimimandla enolwamkelo olukhulu lokuqala lwe-EV (umzekelo, eNorway, eJapan, eCalifornia), apho ii-EVs ezindala ngoku ziphuma kwiwaranti kwaye zifuna.iinxalenye ezikhethekileyo ze-aftermarket.

Ujongo lwexesha elizayo kunye noqikelelo lwexesha elide

I-Voltage ephezulu ye-800V + yokuhambelana kweNkqubo

Utshintsho ukusuka kwi-400V ukuya800V + EV amaqongaayisengomkhwa-lumgangatho wokusebenza kohlobo olulandelayo. Abavelisi bezithuthi abanje ngeHyundai, iPorsche, kunye noLucid sele behambisa ezi nkqubo, kwaye iimveliso zentengiso enkulu zilandela ngokukhawuleza.

Imathiriyeli yentambo kufuneka ngoku:

• Amandla e-dielectric aphezulu

• Ukhuselo lwe-EMI oluphezulu

• Uzinzo olungcono lwe-thermal phantsi kweemeko zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza

Olu tshintsho lufuna:

• Izinto ezincinci, ezikhaphukhaphu zokugqumangokusebenza okufanayo okanye okungcono

• Iimpawu zolawulo oludibeneyo lwe-thermalngaphakathi koyilo lwentambo

• Ukuhambelana kobunjineli kwangaphambiliene-800V izihlanganisi kunye nombane wamandla

Imbonakalo yexesha elide icacile:iintambo kufuneka zivele okanye zishiywe ngasemva. Ababoneleli abalindele le nguquko baya kubekwa ngcono kwiikontraka kunye neempawu eziphambili ze-EV.

Iindlela eziya kwiiModyuli zeCable eziDityanisiweyo ngokupheleleyo

Iinkqubo zekhebhula ziya zisiba ngaphezulu kocingo nje kuphela-ziyaguquka zibeiplug-and-play iimodyuliezidibanisa:

• Abaqhubi bamandla

• Imigca yemiqondiso

• Imijelo yokupholisa

• EMI amakhaka

• Abenzi boluvo abakrelekrele

Ezi nkqubo zeemodyuli:

• Nciphisa ixesha lokuhlanganisa

• Phucula ukuthembeka

• Yenza lula indlela ngaphakathi koyilo lwe-chassis ye-EV

Iimpembelelo zezinto eziphathekayo ziquka imfuno yoku:

• Ukuhambelana kwamanqanaba amaninzi

• I-Co-extrusion yeengxube ezahlukeneyo zepolymer

• Ukuziphatha kakuhle kwezinto eziphathekayo, njengokuphendula kwe-thermal okanye umbane

Lo mkhwa ubonisa okwenzeka kubathengi be-elektroniki-amacandelo ambalwa, ukudibanisa ngakumbi, ukusebenza ngcono.

Indima kwi-Autonomous and Connected EV Platforms

Njengoko ii-EV zisiya kukuzimela ngokupheleleyo, imfuno yeumqondiso wokucaca, ugqithiso lwedatha imfezeko, kwayereal-time diagnosticsisibhakabhaka. Izixhobo zentambo zombane ophezulu ziya kudlala indima ekhulayo ekwenzeni:

• Iindawo ezinengxolo ephantsiibaluleke kakhulu kwi-radar kunye ne-LiDAR

• Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ecaleni kwamandlakwiintambo ezidibeneyo

• Iintambo zokuzijongaezondla uxilongo kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwemoto ezizimeleyo

Izixhobo kufuneka zixhase:

• Hybrid electric-data shielding

• Ukuchasana nokuphazamiseka komqondiso wedijithali

• Ukuguquguquka koyilo olutsha olutyebileyo lwenzwa

Ikamva le-EVs ngumbane-kodwa kwakhonaukrelekrele, uqhagamshelene, kwaye uzimele. Izixhobo zentambo zombane ophezulu azikho nje abalinganiswa abaxhasayo-ziba ngundoqo kwindlela ezi zithuthi zisebenza ngayo kunye nokunxibelelana.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuvela kwezinto zekhebula zombane eziphezulu ze-voltage ayilona nje ibali lekhemistri kunye ne-conductivity-imalungaubunjineli ikamva lokushukuma. Njengoko ii-EVs ziba namandla ngakumbi, zisebenza kakuhle, kwaye zikrelekrele, izixhobo ezisebenzisa uthungelwano lwazo lwangaphakathi kufuneka zigcine isantya.

Ukusukaiikondaktari ezikhaphukhaphu kunye nokugqunyelelwa okunokuphinda kusetyenziswe to iintambo ezihlakaniphile kunye nokuhambelana kwe-voltage ephezulu, izinto ezintsha ezibumba le ntsimi zinamandla njengezithuthi ezisebenzayo. Amathuba maninzi-kubaphandi, abavelisi, abatyali-mali, kunye nee-OEMs ngokufanayo.

Impumelelo enkulu elandelayo? Isenokuba ai-insulator eyenziwe nge-nano, aiqonga lentambo yemodyuli, okanye aumqhubi we-bio-basedelungisa kwakhona uzinzo kwii-EVs. Inye into ecacileyo: ikamva lifakwe kwiingcingo ezintsha.

Ii-FAQs

1. Ziziphi izinto ezithatha indawo yokugquma kwendabuko kwiintambo ze-EV eziphezulu ze-voltage?
I-recyclable thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), i-halogen-free flame retardant (HFFR) iikhompawundi, kunye ne-silicone-based polymers ziya zithatha indawo ye-PVC kunye ne-XLPE ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal, indalo, kunye nokhuseleko.

2. Uyilo lwentambo enevoltage ephezulu ichaphazela njani ukusebenza kwe-EV?
Uyilo lwekhebula luchaphazela ubunzima, ukulahleka kwamandla, i-EMI, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal. Iintambo ezikhaphukhaphu, eziphuculweyo eziphuculweyo ziphucula uluhlu, ixesha lokutshaja, kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo ngokubanzi.

3. Ngaba iintambo ezihlakaniphile ziyinyani kwii-EVs zorhwebo?
Ewe, iimodeli ezininzi zesiphelo esiphezulu kunye neenqwelomoya ze-EV ngoku zibandakanya iintambo ezinezinzwa ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwiqondo lobushushu, i-voltage, kunye nokujongwa kwe-insulation, ukuphucula ukugcinwa kwangaphambili kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo.

4. Yiyiphi imigaqo ephambili yokuvunywa kwezinto zentambo ye-EV?
Imigangatho ephambili ibandakanya i-ISO 6722, i-SAE J1654, i-IEC 60332, i-RoHS, i-REACH, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwe-ELV. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenza, ukhuseleko, kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo.

5. Ngowuphi ummandla ohamba phambili kwizinto ze-HV cable R&D?
I-China ikhokela umthamo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezoshishino; IYurophu igxile ekuzinzeni nasekusetyenzisweni kwakhona; i-US kunye ne-Japan zigqwesa kwi-high-tech kunye nezixhobo ze-aerospace-grade.